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Chapter 13 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

A radiograph of the lumbar spine is produced using automatic exposure control (AEC). The exposure results in optimal contrast but low receptor exposure. Which of the following options would allow the tech to adjust IR exposure?

a.) increase grid ratio
b.) decrease density setting
c.) increase density setting
d.) increase kvp

A

c.) increase density setting

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2
Q

What is the primary function of the back up timer?

a.) prevent over exposure to the patient
b.) ensure adequate IR exposure
c.) ensure adequate contrast
d.) prevent over exposure to the IR

A

a.) prevent over exposure to the patient

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3
Q

When imaging a young child, a short exposure time is needed for an exam using AEC. The mA setting should be:

a.) any
b.) low
c.) mid range
d.) high

A

d.) high

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4
Q

___________ identifies optimal kvp values and alters the mas for variations in part thickness.

a.) variable kvp, fixed mas technique charts
b.) fixed kvp, variable mas technique charts

A

b.) fixed kvp, variable mas technique charts

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5
Q

Using fixed mAs and variable kvp technical factors, each centimeter increase in patient thickness requires what adjustment to kvp?

a.) increase 4 kv
b.) decrease 4 kv
c.) decrease 2 kv
d.) increase 2 kv

A

d.) increase 2 kv

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6
Q

What factors are important when using AEC devices?

1.) detector selection
2.) centering part to detector
3.) back up mas if set

a.) 2 and 3 only
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 1 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

A

d.) 1, 2 and 3

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7
Q

Consider a technologist performing a lumbar spine series using an AEC system. After acquiring the lateral image, the technologist angles the beam 5 degrees caudad, correctly centers/positions the patient, and collimates to the area of the L5-S1 joint. Which technical parameter change will ensure proper receptor exposure?

a.) increase mA
b.) increase KVP
c.) no change is needed
d.) decrease SID

A

c.) no change is needed

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8
Q

If a radiographer is performing a PA chest using AEC at the upright bucky but the table bucky is selected:

a.) the patient will recieve no exposure because theyre no laying on the table bucky
b.) the back up time will likely be reached
c.) exposure will terminate after 5 minutes
d.) minimum exposure time will cut off at 0.5 seconds

A

b.) the back up time will likely be reached

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9
Q

Automatic exposure control (AEC) devices work by measuring:

a.) radiation that exits the patient
b.) radiation that is absorbed by the patient
c.) attenuation of primary radiation by the patient
d.) radiation exiting the tube

A

a.) radiation that exits the patient

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10
Q

When performing a lateral cervical spine using an automatic exposure control (AEC) system, the technologist activates the outer ionization chambers. How might this effect the radiographic image?

a.) decreased exposure time and decreased receptor exposure
b.) increased exposure time and decreased receptor exposure
c.) increased exposure time and increased receptor exposure
d.) decreased exposure time and increased receptor exposure

A

a.) decreased exposure time and decreased receptor exposure

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11
Q

A portable chest xray is to be performed on a patient in the ER and the technique chart suggests the exam should be performed with a grid at 120 kvp, 3.5 mAs, and a 72” SID. However, the room is too small to acheive a 72” SID and the exposure must be made at 55 inches. How should the technique be adjusted to compensate for the change in SID?

a.) 2 mAs
b.) 5 mAs
c.) remove the grid
d.) 21 mAs

A

a.) 2 mAs

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12
Q

While performing an AP T-spine, the technologist mistakenly centers 3’’ to the right of the vertebral bodies. This is likely to cause:
1.) appropriate exposure to the area of interest
2.) underexposure to the area of interest
3.) appropriate exposure to the part centered over the detector
4.) overexposure to the area of interest
5.) underexposure to the part centered over the detector

a.) 2 and 5 only
b.) 1 and 3 only
c.) 4 and 5 only
d.) 2 and 3 only

A

d.) 2 and 3 only

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13
Q

Increasing the anode angle will:
1.) decrease the anode heel effect
2.) increase the anode heel effect
3.) decrease IR exposure
4.) increase IR exposure

a.) 1 only
b.) 2 and 4 only
c.) 1 and 4 only
d.) 2 and 3 only

A

c.) 1 and 4 only

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14
Q

The AEC minimum response time may pose a problem when:

a.) a long exposure time is needed
b.) all options are correct
c.) the patient is unable to hold still for the exposure
d.) the patient can easily hold still for the exposure

A

c.) the patient is unable to hold still for the exposure

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15
Q

How much mAs is produced when the mA is 400 and the exposure time is 0.5s?

a.) 50 mAs
b.) 200 mAs
c.) 100 mAs
d.) 25 mAs

A

b.) 200 mAs

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16
Q

Increasing patient thickness while using an AEC device would result in:

a.) decreased brightness
b.) decreased mAs readout
c.) increased exposure time
d.) increased image contrast

A

c.) increased exposure time

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17
Q

An increase in the image size of an object compared with its true, or actual size is called:

a.) shape distortion
b.) size distortion
c.) sharpness distortion
d.) minification

A

b.) size distortion

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18
Q

The radiation sensitive portion of an ionization chamber is composed of:

a.) air
b.) scintillation crystal
c.) vibranium
d.) semi conductor crystal

A

a.) air

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19
Q

What is the effect of using an automatic exposure control (AEC) system to image a patient with a destructive pathology such as osteoporosis?

a.) decreased spatial resolution
b.) decreased exposure time
c.) increased contrast resolution
d.) increased receptor exposure

A

b.) decreased exposure time

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20
Q

In most AEC units, a typical detector configuration has at least ____________ detectors.

a.) 2
b.) 5
c.) 4
d.) 3

A

d.) 3

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21
Q

Xrays travel at half the speed of light. T/F

A

False

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22
Q

What competent within the automatic exposure control (AEC) system is responsible for measuring the quantity of photons exiting the patient?

a.) autotransformer
b.) rectifier bridge
c.) exposure timer
d.) ionization chamber

A

d.) ionization chamber

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23
Q

When using a radiographic unit with an automatic exposure control (AEC) , which of the following can be employed to reduce patient motion while maintaining proper receptor exposure?

a.) decrease kvp
b.) increase mA
c.) increase back up time
d.) decrease density setting

A

b.) increase mA

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24
Q

When there is a significant amount of scatter reaching the AEC detector, the exposure time will be:

a.) appropriate
b.) shorter than needed
c.) longer than needed

A

b.) shorter than needed

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25
Q

As collimation increases, the quanitity of scatter radiation decreases.

a.) true
b.) false

A

a.) true

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26
Q

Which of the following projections may be improved by using a low mA and long exposure time?

a.) lateral t spine
b.) decubitus chest
c.) supine abdomen
d.) AP axial cranium

A

a.) lateral t spine

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27
Q

Performing a KUB on a beriatric patient, using AEC results in:

a.) it depends on the type of grid used
b.) underexposure to the IR
c.) overexposure to the IR
d.) proper exposure to the IR

A

d.) proper exposure to the IR

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28
Q

When using automatic exposure control (AEC), the technologist CANNOT directly assign which of the following parameters?

a.) mAs
b.) kVp
c.) SID
d.) OID

A

a.) mAs

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29
Q

The 1st generation AEC detector is called:

a.) air filled photocells
b.) geiger counter
c.) ionization chamber
d.) phototimer

A

d.) phototimer

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30
Q

Which of the following exposure operates by ionizing air that creates an electrical charge?

a.) anatomically programmed technique
b.) none of the above
c.) phototimer
d.) ionization chamber

A

d.) ionization chamber

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31
Q

Increasing grid ratio:
1.) increases patient dose
2.) decreases IR exposure
3.) increases IR exposure
4.) increases distortion

a.) 2 only
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 1 only
d.) 3 and 4 only

A

b.) 1 and 2 only

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32
Q

Which of the following groups of exposure factors will produce the greatest receptor exposure?

a.) 400 ma, 70 ms
b.) 200 ma, 40 ms
c.) 600 ma, 30 ms
d.) 100 ma, 50 ms

A

a.) 400 ma, 70 ms

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33
Q

Which of the following are factors that affect contrast in digital imaging?
1.) mA and/or time
2.) windowing
3.) kVp
4.) PACS
5.) look up table

a.) 3 and 5 only
b.) 3 only
c.) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
d.) all choices are responsible for image contrast
e.) 2, 3 and 5 only

A

e.) 2, 3 and 5 only

34
Q

If the radiographer has the oppurtunity to set the back up time, it should be approximately _____________ of the expected exposure time.

a.) 600%
b.) 150%
c.) 275%
d.) 50%

A

b.) 150%

35
Q

Ionization chamber AEC detectors are entrance type devices because the xrays must:

a.) enter the detector before getting to the IR
b.) enter the detector before entering the patient
c.) enter the detector after passing throught the bucky grid
d.) enter the detector after passing through the IR

A

a.) enter the detector before getting to the IR

36
Q

A decrease in kilovoltage will result in:
1.) a decrease in image resolution
2.) a decrease in photon energy
3.) a decrease in receptor exposure

a.) 2 and 3 only
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1 only

A

a.) 2 and 3 only

37
Q

What causes the most errors in image quality when using AEC devices?

a.) improper patient centering
b.) failure of the back up timer
c.) selecting the wall bucky for a table exam
d.) density control errors

A

a.) improper patient centering

38
Q

The reason to have a back up time is to:
1.) protect the patient from excessive exposure
2.) make sure the right mAs is used
3.) keep the tube from excessive heat loading
4.) assist techs when a short exposure time is needed

a.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
b.) 1, 3 and 4 only
c.) 1 only
d.) 1 and 3 only

A

d.) 1 and 3 only

39
Q

A lateral coccyx was made using AEC but is overexposed. this is most likely the result of:

a.) incorrect selection of the small focal spot
b.) incorrect centering of the part
c.) insufficient back up time
d.) selection of the center photocell

A

b.) incorrect centering of the part

40
Q

What is the primary purpose of an automatic exposure control (AEC) system?

a.) to automatically module the kvp
b.) to maintain optimal image receptor exposure
c.) to enhance image contrast
d.) to increase spatial resolution

A

b.) to maintain optimal image receptor exposure

41
Q

In which of the following systems does the radiographer select the anatomic part from the console menu?

a.) TFT
b.) CCD
c.) AEC
d.) APR

A

d.) APR

42
Q

Aluminum filtration has its greatest effect on:

a.) high energy scattered photons
b.) low energy scattered photons
c.) low energy x ray photons
d.) high energy xray photons

A

c.) low energy x ray photons

43
Q

When performing a lateral thoracic spine radiograph with an automatic exposure control (AEC) system, what technical change will increase the total exposure time without increasing the receptor exposure?

a.) decrease mA
b.) increase kvp
c.) increase density setting
d.) decrease back up timer

A

a.) decrease mA

44
Q

On AEC systems, using the plus or minus density controls should be done frequently to produce optimal images.

a.) true
b.) false

A

b.) false

45
Q

A technologist is performing a PA chest radiograph on a bariatric patient using an automatic exposure control (AEC) system. Which of the following changes will be rooted if the technologist increases the mA?

a.) increased patient dose
b.) decreased contrast
c.) increased receptor exposure
d.) decreased exposure time

A

d.) decreased exposure time

46
Q

The smaller the area of xray exposure, the lower the patient dose.

a.) true
b.) false

A

a.) true

47
Q

Which of the following factors have an effect on image receptor exposure?

a.) mAs
b.) SID
c.) kVp
d.) motion
e.) tube, IR, and or patient angle
f.) focal spot size
g.) filtration
h.) patient factors

A

a.) mAs
b.) SID
c.) kVp
g.) filtration
h.) patient factors

48
Q

If a duration of 0.05s was selected for a particular exposure, what milliamperage would be necessary to produce 30 mAs?

a.) 600
b.) 300
c.) 500
d.) 900

A

a.) 600

49
Q

Which of the following grid patterns will result in an image with the least amount of grid cutoff?

a.) cross hatched grid
b.) parallel grid
c.) focus grid
d.) non focused grid

A

c.) focus grid

50
Q

Which of the following patient conditions require a change in technical factors? choose all that apply.

a.) decreased tissue thickness
b.) prosthetics
c.) destructive diseases
d.) plaster casts
e.) contrast media

A

b.) prosthetics
c.) destructive disease
d.) plaster casts
e.) contrast media

51
Q

APR is a system in which the radiographer selects:

a.) settings based on the size of the patient
b.) AEC settings
c.) mAs and kVp settings
d.) settings based on the part being imaged

A

d.) setting based on the part being imaged

52
Q

A technologist performing an AP pelvis projection unintentionally places gonadal shielding over two of the three active automatic exposure control (AEC) ionization chambers. How will this affect the exposure time and patient dose?

a.) decreased exposure time and increased patient dose
b.) decreased exposure time and decreased patient dose
c.) increased exposure time and decreased patient dose
d.) increase exposure time and increased patient dose
e.) no change to exposure time and patient dose

A

d.) increased exposure time and increased patient dose

53
Q

When using AEC, the radiographer is responsible for determining the:

a.) exposure time
b.) mAs
c.) kVp
d.) kVp and mAs

A

c.) kVp

54
Q

If the AEC detectors are not completely covered by the part being imaged, exposing the cells to primary radiation, what is likely to occur?

a.) the exposure will terminate very quickly
b.) none of these choices are correct
c.) the IR will be exposed to the proper amount of radiation
d.) the patient will be over exposed

A

a.) the exposure will terminate very quickly

55
Q

What technical change is required to increase receptor exposure when using automatic exposure control (AEC)?

a.) increased mA
b.) increase density setting
c.) decrease density setting
d.) decrease back up timer

A

b.) increase density setting

56
Q

An increased focal spot size will:
1.) increase IR exposure
2.) decrease spatial resolution
3.) increase spatial resolution
4.) increase distortion
5.) decrease contrast

a.) 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
b.) 1, 2 and 3 only
c.) 1 and 2 only
d.) 2 only

A

d.) 2 only

57
Q

The AEC density control usually adjusts the xray beam intensity by what increment?

a.) 25%
b.) 35%
c.) 50%
d.) 10%

A

a.) 25%

58
Q

When performing an AP lumbar spine using an automatic exposure control (AEC) system, the technologist inadvertently positions the patient with the active ionization chamber under a gas pocket in the abdomen. How will this affect the radiographic image?

a.) decrease spatial resolution
b.) decreased image contrast
c.) decreased receptor exposure
d.) increased receptor exposure

A

c.) decreased receptor exposure

59
Q

The greatest detail sharpness is obtained by using:
1.) a small focal spot
2.) the longest SID
3.) the smallest OID
4.) longer exposure times

a.) 1 only
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
d.) 4 only

A

b.) 1, 2 and 3

60
Q

When used correctly, which of the following is an important benefit of an AEC system?

a.) minimize image artifacts
b.) minimize patient motion
c.) minimize heat accumulation in the tube
d.) to minimize patient dose

A

d.) to minimize patient dose

61
Q

The actual amount of exposure used for an image when using AEC is the:

a.) density control
b.) minimum response time
c.) mAs readout
d.) back up time

A

c.) mAs readout

62
Q

The shortest exposure time that a radiographic tube with AEC can have is the:

a.) minimum response time
b.) mAs readout
c.) density controls
d.) back up time

A

a.) minimum response time

63
Q

Types of detectors used in AEC are:
1.) image intensifiers
2.) phototimers
3.) geiger counters
4.) ionization chambers

a.) 1, 2 and 4 only
b.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
c.) 2 and 4 only
d.) 1 and 2 only

A

c.) 2 and 4 only

64
Q

When using AEC, which of the following special considerations may require the tech to make technique adjustments?

1.) bariatric patients
2.) small bowel follow through (SBFT)
3.) osteoarthiritis
4.) hyposthenic patients

a.) 2 and 3 only
b.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
c.) 1 and 4 only
d.) 2 and 3 only

A

a.) 2 and 3 only

65
Q

A technologist is performing an AP abdomen radiograph on a geriatric patient using an automatic exposure control (AEC) system. Which of the following changes will be noted if the technologist decreases the kvp?

a.) increased exposure time
b.) decreased patient dose
c.) decreased contrast
d.) increased IR exposure

A

a.) increased exposure time

66
Q

When performing a PA chest radiograph using an automatic exposure control (AEC) system, the technologist engages only the center AEC ionization chamber. How might this affect the radiographic image?

a.) increased exposure time and increased receptor exposure
b.) increased exposure time and decreased receptor exposure
c.) decreased exposure time and decreased receptor exposure
d.) decreased exposure time and increased receptor exposure

A

a.) increased exposure time and increased receptor exposure

67
Q

By law, the back up timer on an AEC system must terminate exposure when the total mAs has reached:

a.) 600 mAs
b.) 150 mAs
c.) 100 mAs
d.) 300 mAs

A

a.) 600 mAs

68
Q

Which of the following modifications may be used to decrease the total exposure time when using an automatic exposure control (AEC) system?

a.) decrease kvp
b.) increase density setting
c.) increase mA
d.) decrease back up timer

A

c.) increase mA

69
Q

Which of the following special considerations may require an increase in milliamperage (mA)?
1.) pediatric exam
2.) geriatric exam
3.) barium studies
4.) exams that use breathing techniques

a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
c.) 1, 2 and 4
d.) 3 only

A

a.) 1 and 2 only

70
Q

Which detector or combination is best used for imaging a right shoulder?

a.) right
b.) center
c.) right and left
d.) left

A

b.) center

71
Q

The maximum length of time that an exposure lasts when using AEC is the:

a.) back up time
b.) mAs readout
c.) density controls
d.) minimum response time

A

a.) back up time

72
Q

Practices that enable the radiographer to reduce the exposure time required for a particular include:

1.) use of a higher millamperage
2.) use of a higher kvp
3.) use of a higher grid ratio

a.) 2 and 3 only
b.) 1 only
c.) 1 and 2 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

A

c.) 1 and 2 only

73
Q

Which of the following exposure factors us controlled by the automatic exposure control (AEC) system?

a.) kvp
b.) ma
c.) SID
d.) time

A

d.) time

74
Q

What potential effect does EXCESSIVE BOWEL GAS have on IR exposure?

A

underexposure

75
Q

What potential effect does PROSTHETICS have on IR exposure?

A

overexposure

76
Q

VWhat potential effect does part not being centered over the detector have on IR exposure?

A

underexposure

77
Q

What potential effect does too much collimation have on IR exposure?

A

over exposure

78
Q

What potential effect does excessive scatter have on IR exposure?

A

underexposure

79
Q

What potential effect does CONTRAST MEDIA have on IR exposure?

A

overexposure

80
Q

What potential effect does part superimposing ion chambers have on IR exposure?

A

appropriate exposure

81
Q

What potential effect does increased patient thickness have on IR exposure?

A

appropriate exposure

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