Chapter 13: Stress and Mental Health

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

Natural part of life

Question 2

Positive Experience of Stress

Answer 2

Help develop successful coping skills

Begin studying now when you have an exam

Question 3

Negative Experience of Stress

Answer 3

Can result in negative mental and physical health consequences
(GI problem, diarrhea, sweating)

Question 4

Acute Stress

Answer 4

• Intense bio-psychosocial reaction to a threatening event
• Usually time limited
• Can lead to physiologic overload
• “Fight-or-Flight” or Freeze response

Question 5

Chronic Stress

Answer 5

• Oncoming physiologic reaction to events resulting in “wear and tear” on body
• Negatively impacts health and well-being
  
  • -GI Problem, HA
• Maladaptive when prolonged
  
  • -Illicit drug use
• Contribute to risk for illness

Question 6

Eustress

Answer 6

Stress evoked b positive emotions or events

 - engaged, getting married
 - becoming an RN
 - Going on a trip

Question 7

Distress

Answer 7

Stress evoked by negative feelings or events

 - Covid19
 - death
 - breakup

Question 8

Psychosocial Perspective of Stress

Transactional Stress Model

Answer 8

• Describes psychological experience of stress
• Stress is an interactive process between real or perceived internal or external environmental demands

(People can have different perceptions about something)

Question 9

Values and Goals related to stress

Answer 9

• Cultural, ethnic, family, religious values
• Individualized
• The more important the goal or more difficult the goal is to obtain increases stress

(Stress is individualized)

Question 10

Personality Type A related to stress:

Answer 10

-Competitive, aggressive, ambitious, impatient, alert, tense, restless

Question 11

Personality Type B related to stress:

Answer 11

-Relaxed, easygoing, easily satisfied

Question 12

Personality Type C related to stress:

Answer 12

-Introverted, respectful, conforming, complaint, and eager to please

Question 13

Personality Type D related to stress:

Answer 13

-Increased negative emotions, pessimism, non-sharing or emotions

Question 14

Social Networks Related to Stress:

Social Support

Answer 14

3 functions:

 - Emotional Support
 - Tangible support: Financial assistance, material goods or service
 - Informational Support: advice, guidance, or suggestion

Enhances health outcomes
Reduces Mortality

(When a person stresses their body releases Cortisol- Not good)

Question 15

Social Networks Related to Stress:

Cultural Factors

Answer 15

• Expectation and role strain

- Violate group values versus individual needs

Question 16

Social Networks Related to Stress:

Employment Factors

Answer 16

• Significant beyond economic compensation

- Unemployment very stressful

Question 17

Social Networks Related to Stress:

Gender Influences

Answer 17

-Expectations of women versus men

Question 18

Life Events Related to Stress

Answer 18

• Events can affect the individual
  
  • Death of spouse more stressful than changing residence
• Relationship between recent life change and severity of near-future illnesses
• Likelihood of illness is greater if several life changes occur in short period of time

Question 19

Coping

Answer 19

• Deliberate, planned, psychological effort to manage stressful demands
• 2 types
  - Problem-Focused-Resolving the Situation
  
  • Emotion-focused-Managing the emotions (Yoga)
• No one coping strategy is best for all situations

-Some situations require combination of strategies and activities

Question 20

Adaptation as it relates to stress

Answer 20

• Person’s capacity to survive and flourish
  - Prisoners
• Effect on three important areas:
  - Health
  - Psychological well-being
  - Social functioning

(How much stress can a person take)
(A person needs to try to adapt to their stressHow much stress can a person take

A person needs to try to adapt to their stress

Question 21

Mental Health Nursing Assessment

-Priorities of Nursing Care

Answer 21

• Depend on patient’s response to stress
  - Could focus on reestablishing basic functional patterns
  - May focus on psychological issues
  - Focus on coping skills

(How a patient reacts or responds to their stressors)
(Exercise release endorphins… make more cells and makes the brain “happy”)

Question 22

Mental Health Nursing Assessment

-Nursing Interventions

Answer 22

• Focus on supporting healthy behaviors
• Nutrition
• Exercise
• Relaxation techniques
• Improve coping skills
• Distraction or guided imagery
• Spiritually oriented interventions

(Different coping mechanism-exercise, go on a walk)
Spiritual? Religious?