Chapter 13: Stress and Mental Health Flashcards
Stress
Natural part of life
Positive Experience of Stress
Help develop successful coping skills
Begin studying now when you have an exam
Negative Experience of Stress
Can result in negative mental and physical health consequences
(GI problem, diarrhea, sweating)
Acute Stress
- Intense bio-psychosocial reaction to a threatening event
- Usually time limited
- Can lead to physiologic overload
- “Fight-or-Flight” or Freeze response
Chronic Stress
- Oncoming physiologic reaction to events resulting in “wear and tear” on body
- Negatively impacts health and well-being
- -GI Problem, HA
- Maladaptive when prolonged
- -Illicit drug use
- Contribute to risk for illness
Eustress
Stress evoked b positive emotions or events
- engaged, getting married - becoming an RN - Going on a trip
Distress
Stress evoked by negative feelings or events
- Covid19 - death - breakup
Psychosocial Perspective of Stress
Transactional Stress Model
- Describes psychological experience of stress
- Stress is an interactive process between real or perceived internal or external environmental demands
(People can have different perceptions about something)
Values and Goals related to stress
- Cultural, ethnic, family, religious values
- Individualized
- The more important the goal or more difficult the goal is to obtain increases stress
(Stress is individualized)
Personality Type A related to stress:
-Competitive, aggressive, ambitious, impatient, alert, tense, restless
Personality Type B related to stress:
-Relaxed, easygoing, easily satisfied
Personality Type C related to stress:
-Introverted, respectful, conforming, complaint, and eager to please
Personality Type D related to stress:
-Increased negative emotions, pessimism, non-sharing or emotions
Social Networks Related to Stress:
Social Support
3 functions:
- Emotional Support - Tangible support: Financial assistance, material goods or service - Informational Support: advice, guidance, or suggestion
Enhances health outcomes
Reduces Mortality
(When a person stresses their body releases Cortisol- Not good)
Social Networks Related to Stress:
Cultural Factors
- Expectation and role strain
- Violate group values versus individual needs
Social Networks Related to Stress:
Employment Factors
- Significant beyond economic compensation
- Unemployment very stressful
Social Networks Related to Stress:
Gender Influences
-Expectations of women versus men
Life Events Related to Stress
- Events can affect the individual
- Death of spouse more stressful than changing residence
- Relationship between recent life change and severity of near-future illnesses
- Likelihood of illness is greater if several life changes occur in short period of time
Coping
- Deliberate, planned, psychological effort to manage stressful demands
- 2 types
- Problem-Focused-Resolving the Situation- Emotion-focused-Managing the emotions (Yoga)
- No one coping strategy is best for all situations
-Some situations require combination of strategies and activities
Adaptation as it relates to stress
- Person’s capacity to survive and flourish
- Prisoners - Effect on three important areas:
- Health
- Psychological well-being
- Social functioning
(How much stress can a person take)
(A person needs to try to adapt to their stressHow much stress can a person take
A person needs to try to adapt to their stress
Mental Health Nursing Assessment
-Priorities of Nursing Care
- Depend on patient’s response to stress
- Could focus on reestablishing basic functional patterns
- May focus on psychological issues
- Focus on coping skills
(How a patient reacts or responds to their stressors)
(Exercise release endorphins… make more cells and makes the brain “happy”)
Mental Health Nursing Assessment
-Nursing Interventions
- Focus on supporting healthy behaviors
- Nutrition
- Exercise
- Relaxation techniques
- Improve coping skills
- Distraction or guided imagery
- Spiritually oriented interventions
(Different coping mechanism-exercise, go on a walk)
Spiritual? Religious?
