Chapter 13 - Social Psychology Flashcards
ABC Model of Attitudes
A model proposing that attitudes have 3 components; The affective, behavioural, and cognitive component.
Actor-Observer Effect
The discrepancy between how we explain other people’s behaviour (Dispositional) and how we explain our own behaviour (situationally).
Aggression
A broad range of behaviours intended to harm others.
Altruism
Self-sacrificing behaviour carried out for the benefit of others.
Attitudes
Relatively stable and enduring evaluation of things or other people. Can be positive or negative.
Attributions
Casual explanation for behaviour (Excuses).
Cognitive Dissonance
A state of emotional discomfort people experience when they hold two contradictory beliefs or hold a belief that contradicts their behaviour.
Conformity
The tendency to yield to social pressure.
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to use dispositional attributions to explain other people’s behaviour.
Group
An organized, stable collection of individuals in which the members are aware of and influence one another and share common identity.
Group Polarization
The intensification of an initial tendency of individual group members brought about by group decision.
Groupthink
A form of faulty group decision making that occurs when group members strive for unanimity, and this goal overrides their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action.
Implicit Attitude
An attitude of which the person is unaware.
Norms
Social rules about how members of a society are expected to act.
Obedience
The act of following direct commands, usually given by another figure.
Prejudice
Negative and unjust feelings about individuals based on their inclusion in a particular group.
Self-Perception Theory
A theory suggesting that when people are uncertain of their attitudes, they infer what the attitudes are by observing their own behaviour.
Self-Serving Bias
The tendency people have to attribute their success to internal causes and their failures to external ones.
Social Cognition
The way in which people perceive and interpret themselves and others in their social world.
Social Facilitation (Jordan Poole Effect)
An effect in which the presence of others enhance performance.
Social Identity Theory
A theory that emphasizes social cognitive factors in the onset of prejudice.
Social Loafing
A phenomenon where people exert less effort on a collective task than they would on a comparable individual task; also known as free riding.
Social Psychology
A study of Psychology that seeks to understand, explain, and predict how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.
Social Role
A set of norms ascribed to a person’s position. Expectations and duties associated with the individual’s position in the family, at work, in the community, and in other settings.
