Chapter 13 - Sleep And Dreaming

Question 1

What is diurnal and nocturnal?

Answer 1

1. Organism active during daylight

2. Organism Active in the dark

Question 2

What is a biological clock?

Answer 2

1. Neural system that times behaviour
2. Allows animals to anticipate events before they occur (birds migrate)
3. Endogenous rhythms from within bt always external

• one controls sleep waking
• one controls functions of body organs
• etc

Question 3

What are all the Biological rythms?

Answer 3

Period - time required to complete a cycle

Circannual - yearly (migration)

Infradian - less than a year (menstrual cycle)

Circadian - daily (sleep cycle)

Ultradian - less than a day (eating)

Question 4

What are free running rhythms?

Answer 4

Rhythm of the body’s own devising in the absence of all external clues
- without external cue our rythms are slightly longer (25-27 hours)

Question 5

What is a zeitgeber?

Entrain?

Answer 5

Environmental event that entrains/modified biological rhythms (time giver)

Determine or modify he period of a biorhythms
(Light)

LIGHT POLLUTION - artificial light that changes activity patterns and disrupts circadian rhythms

Question 6

What is SAD?

Answer 6

Seasonal depressive disorder - a form of depression associated with winter

Question 7

How does jet lag work?

Answer 7

Fatigue and disorientation from rapid time travel through time-zones and exposure to a changed light-dark cycle

West to east is more difficult
- occasional traveler may cope easily

Question 8

What are the NREM disorders of sleep?

Answer 8

insomnia - disorder if slow wave sleep.
- prolonged inability to sleep

drug dependency insomnia - resulting from continuous use of sleeping pills. Stop REM SLEEP

Fatal facial insomnia - stop sleeping all together

Question 9

other then insomnia?

Answer 9

Narcolepsy - slow wave sleep disorder which a person falls asleep at innapropriste times

Sleep apnea - inability to breath during sleep

Question 10

What are disorders of REM sleep?

Answer 10

Muscle atonia is due to inhibition

Sleep paralysis - form of narcolepsy where you are are unable to move during deep sleep owing to inhibition of motor neurons

Cataplexy - losing all muscle activity as in rem sleep while awake due to emotional stimulation

Hypnogogic hallucinations - dreamlike state at begining of sleep where person is in state of cataplexy

Question 11

What Are Biorythms?

Answer 11

Inherent timing mechanism that controls or initiates biological processes
- linked to the cycles of days and seasons produced by earths rotations on its axis around the sun