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MTAP1: AUBF > CHAPTER 13: SEROUS FLUID > Flashcards

CHAPTER 13: SEROUS FLUID Flashcards

1
Q

Serous fluids provides lubrication between these membranes. (2)

A

Parietal and Visceral membranes

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2
Q

1) Membrane the lines the cavity wall
2) Membrane that covers the organs with the cavity

a. Visceral Membrane
b. Parietal Membrane

A

1) Membrane the lines the cavity wall
- parietal

2) Membrane that covers the organs with the cavity
- visceral

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3
Q

Formed as ultrafiltrates of plasma

A

Serous fluids (unlike CSF - not)

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4
Q

Production and reabsorption of serous fluids are subject to _____________ pressure and ___________ pressure (oncotic pressure) from the capillaries that serve the cavities and the capillary permeability.

A

Hydrostatic; Colloidal

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5
Q

Pressure in the parietal and visceral capillaries that causes fluid to enter between the membranes.

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

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6
Q

Filtration of the plasma ultrafiltrate results in increased ____________ pressure in the capillaries that favors reabsorption of fluid back into the capillaries.

A

oncotic pressure

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7
Q

Increase in serous fluid amount between the membranes

A

Effusion

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8
Q

Primary causes of effusions (4)

A
  1. Increased hydrostatic pressure (CHF)
  2. Decreased oncotic pressure (hypoproteinemia)
  3. Increased capillary permeability (inflammation & infection)
  4. Lymphatic obstruction (tumors)
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9
Q

From disturbances of fluid production and regulation between serous membranes

A

Transudate (testing not necessary)

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10
Q

Purulent fluid that forms in an body cavity as a result of inflammatory processes (e.g. infection & malignancies)

A

Exudate

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11
Q

Method of collection for the following:

1) Pleural
2) Peritoneal
3) Pericardial

a. Paracentesis
b. Thoracentesis
c. Pericardiocentesis

A

1) Pleural
- Thoracentesis

2) Peritoneal
- Paracentesis

3) Pericardial
- Pericardiocentesis

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12
Q

Volume of specimen collected

A

> 100 mL

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13
Q

Appropriate tubes to be used:

1) Cell counts and differential
2) Microbiology and cytology

a. Heparin tube
b. SPS tube
c. EDTA tube

A

1) Cell counts and differential
- EDTA

2) Microbiology and cytology
- Heparin or SPS

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14
Q

Serous specimens for pH must be maintained anaerobically in ______.

A

ice

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15
Q

Most reliable differation between transudates and exudates.

A

Fluid: Serum LD ratio (>0.6);
Fluid: Serum protein ratio(>0.5)

  • except peritoneal fluid
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16
Q

True or False. RBCs and WBCs are not performed routinely on serous fluids.

A

True. They provide little diagnositc information.

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17
Q

WBC and RBC counts that indicate an exudate

A

WBC - 1000/uL
RBC - 100,000/uL

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18
Q

Two more procedures for analyzing pleural fluid. What are its ratios providing reliable info?

A
  1. Pleural Fluid: Serum Cholesterol (>0.3)
  2. Pleural Fluid: Bilirubin (>0.6)
19
Q

Indication of a turbid appearance of pleural fluid

A

Increased WBC (infection), TB, or RA

20
Q

Significance of the presence of blood in the pleural fluid

A

Hemothorax (traumatic injury)

21
Q

Hematocrit is run on the fluid to differentiate between hemothorax and hemorrhagic exudate. Which of the following match:

  1. Chronic membrane disease/Hemorrhagic effusion
  2. Hemothorax

a. HCT >50%
b. Lower HCT

A
  1. Chronic membrane disease/Hemorrhagic effusion
    - lower HCT
  2. Hemothorax
    - HCT >50%
22
Q

Chylous and Pseudochylous materials produce a milky pleural fluid appearance. Which of the folllowing

1) Contains high conc. of triglycerides, (+) Sudan III staining

2) Contains high conc. of cholesterol, (-) Sudan III staining

A

1) Contains high conc. of triglycerides, (+) Sudan III staining
- chylous

2) Contains high conc. of cholesterol, (-) Sudan III staining
- pseudochylous

23
Q

Most diagnostically significant hematology test performed on serous fluids

A

Differential Count

24
Q

Its increase indicates bacterial infection, pneumonia, pancreatitis, and pulmonary infarction

A

Neutrophils

25
Q

Its elevation are seen in TB, viral infections, malignancy, autoimmune disorders (RA) and SLE

A

Lymphocytes

26
Q

Its increased levels may be associated with trauma resulting in the presence of air or blood in the pleural cavity. Also seen in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.

A

Eosinophils

27
Q

Indication of the lack of metholelial cells

A

Tb

28
Q

Pleural fluid pH lower than ___________ may indicate the need for chest-tube drainage in addition to administration of antibiotics in cases of pneumonia.

A

7.3

29
Q

Pleural fluid pH at least _______ degrees lower than the blood pH is considered
significant

A

0.30

30
Q

Microorganisms primarily associated with pleural effusions

A

S. aureus
Enterobacteriaceae
Anaerobes
M. tuberculosis

31
Q

A more sensitive test to detect M. tuberculosis.

A

PCR

32
Q

1) CA 125
2) CA 15.3
3) CA 549
4) CYFRA 21-1

a. Breast cancer
b. Lung cancer
c. Metastatic Uterine cancer
d. Colon cancer

A

1) CA 125
- metastatic uterine cancer

2) CA 15.3
- breast cancer

3) CA 549
- breast cancer

4) CYFRA 21-1
- lung cancer

33
Q

Normal volume of fluid found between the pericardial serous membranes

A

10-50 mL

34
Q

Function of pericardial fluid

A

reduces friction

35
Q

Cells that produce pericardial fluid

A

Mesothelial cells

36
Q

a count of >1000 WBCs/μL with a high percentage of neutrophils can indicate

A

bacterial endocarditis

37
Q

Refers to the ccumulation of fluid between the peritoneal membranes

A

ascites

38
Q

A diagnostic procedure used to detect intra-abdominal bleeding in blunt trauma cases

A

Peritoneal lavage

39
Q

Rbc count indicating blunt trauma cases

A

> 100,000/uL

40
Q

Recommended to differentiate transudates from exudates in Peritoneal Fluid

A

Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)

41
Q

A valuable procedure for identifying the primary source of tumors producing ascitic exudates

A

CEA and CA 125

42
Q

What marker/s suggests that the source of tumors producing ascitic exudates is from the ovaries, fallopian tubes or endometrium?

A

(+) CA 125
(-) CEA

43
Q

Peritoneal fluid

1) >1.1
2) <1.1

a. Exudate
b. Transudate

A

1) >1.1
- transudate

2) <1.1
- exudate

44
Q
A

MTAP1: AUBF (17 decks)

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