Chapter 13 Section 3 Flashcards
What was the goal of Hernan Cortes in his invasion of Mexico?
The goal of Hernan Cortes in his invasion of Mexico was to seek gold.
What is a conquistador?
A conquistador is a Spanish conqueror who led the conquest of the Americas.
How would you describe the character traits of conquistadors such as Cortes and Pizarro?
Determined, ruthless, and cruelty.
What advantages did Cortes and Pizarro have over the Aztec and Inca?
Cortes had superior steel weapons, devastating canons, and horses, all unknown in the New World. Pizarro had steel weapons and horses which gave them a deadly advantage. So did their cruelty.
How had the Columbian Exchange affected the Inca before Pizarro’s army arrived?
The Columbian Exchange affected the Inca before Pizarro’s army arrived because they were weakened by smallpox and a bitter civil war.
What geographical factors pushed Portugal toward maritime exploration?
Portugal was a relatively small and undeveloped country.
What did Portugal accomplish in 1498?
Portugal’s explorers reached India itself in 1498.
What area of the New World was colonized by Portugal?
Africa was colonized by Portugal.
How did the Portuguese come across this area of the New World?
They went on a ship
How did the sugar trade contribute to the development and growth of the slave trade?
The sugar trade contributed to the development and growth of the slave trade because sugarcane producers used a huge number of slaves to perform the hard and often dangerous work.
Why did Europeans prefer Africans to Native Americans for slave labor? First explain why they did not prefer Native Americans (2 reasons). Then, explain why Africans were preferred (2 reasons).
Europeans didn’t prefer Native Americans because disease and warfare killed millions and many who were forced into labor easily escaped into the familiar countryside. They prefered Africans because they were more resistant to Europeans diseases and could not easily escape into lands that were largely unknown to them.
What was the triangular trade?
The triangular trade were trading posts that formed part of a transatlantic trading network.
What was the system of slavery based on for Europeans?
The system of slavery was based on both custom and racism for Europeans.
What part of the triangular trade was the Middle Passage? And what conditions did slaves face on the Middle Passage?
Slaves were brought to the Americas, and were sold for a huge profit.
From 1501 to 1867, about how many Africans were forced into slavery?
More than 12 million Africans were forced into slavery from 1501 to 1867.
