Chapter 13 Respiratory System Disorder Key Terms

Question 1

absence of breathing (maybe periodic)

Answer 1

apnea

Question 2

the division of something into two branches or parts

Answer 2

bifurcation

Question 3

___________ located in the carotid bodies at the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries and in the aortic body arch are sensitive to decreased oxygens levels in arterial blood as well as to low pH

Answer 3

peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 4

results when sympathetic stimulation relaxes the smooth muscle, dilating or enlarging the bronchioles.

Answer 4

bronchodilation

Question 5

a form of necrosis characteristic of tuberculosis, in which diseased tissue forms a firm, dry mass like cheese in appearance.

Answer 5

caseation

Question 6

in the center of the tubercle _________necrosis develops forming a core of cheese-like material consisting of dead macrophages and necrotic tissue

Answer 6

caseation necrosis

Question 7

painless, firm, fibrotic enlargement at the end of the digit. Results from chronic hypoxia associated with respiratory or cardiovascular disease.

Answer 7

Clubbing

Question 8

the pleural fluid provides lubrication during the respiratory movements and a force that provides ________ or “sticking together” (high surface tension) between the pleural layers during inspiration

Answer 8

cohesion

Question 9

A term used to refer to the ability of the lungs to expand. It depends largely on the elasticity of the tissues but is also affected by other factors such as alveolar surface tension and the shape, size, and flexibility of the thorax

Answer 9

Compliance

Question 10

Causes adhesions between the pleural membranes, restricting ventilation

Answer 10

empyema

Question 11

form of pleural effusion in which the fluid in the pleural space contains pus

Answer 11

empyema

Question 12

the breathing pattern’s rhythm is smooth and even with expiration longer than inspiration

Answer 12

eupnea

Question 13

normal respiratory rate and rhythm

Answer 13

eupnea

Question 14

help liquefy secretions to help remove mucus ex. (guaifenesin and or humidifier)

Answer 14

expectorant

Question 15

blood-tinged (bright red) frothy sputum that is usually associated with pulmonary edema

Answer 15

hemoptysis

Question 16

coughing or spitting up blood

Answer 16

hemoptysis

Question 17

prevents excessive lung expansion or voluntary control

Answer 17

Hering-Breuer reflex

Question 18

CO2 levels in the blood increase and the gas easily diffuse into the CSF, lowering the pH and stimulating the respiratory center, resulting in an increased rate and depth of respiration (hyperventilation)

Answer 18

hypercapnia

Question 19

The deficiency of O2 in the arterial blood but is not as severe as anoxia

Answer 19

hypoxemia

Question 20

Dyspnea occurs when a person is lying down. Pulmonary congestion develops as more blood pools in the lungs when the person lies down and also as the abdominal contents push upward against the lungs. Raising the upper part of the body with pillows often facilitates breathing in persons with respiratory or cardiovascular disorders

Answer 20

orthopnea

Question 21

A sudden acute type of dyspnea is common in patients with L.-sided congestive heart failure. During sleep the body fluid is redistributed, leading to pulmonary edema and the individual wakes up gasping for air and coughing

Answer 21

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 22

destructive enzymes released by neutrophils during an inflammatory response

Answer 22

proteases

Question 23

when the pulse differs on inspiration and expiration. It is observed when a BP measurement is taken during an asthma attack. The sounds registering systolic pressure are heard first during expiration and there is a gap of 10mmHG or more before the sounds of both inspiration and expiration are heard.

Answer 23

pulsus paradoxus

Question 24

breathing sound-light bubbly or crackling sounds associated with serous secretions

Answer 24

rales

Question 25

the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration. This air continues to provide gas exchange and maintains partial inflation of the lungs

Answer 25

residual volume

Question 26

breathing sound- deeper and harsher sounds resulting from thicker mucus

Answer 26

rhonchi

Question 27

mucoid discharge from the respiratory tract and may have significant characteristics depending on the abnormality causing it

Answer 27

sputum

Question 28

manifestation of cystic fibrosis.

Bulk, fatty, foul stools

Answer 28

steatorrhea

Question 29

a high-pitched crowing noise usually indicates upper airway obstruction

Answer 29

stridor

Question 30

the tendency for fluid to reduce its surface area by forming droplets, facilitating inspiration, and preventing the total collapse of the alveoli during expiration

Answer 30

surface tension

Question 31

maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inspiration

Answer 31

vital capacity

Question 32

whistling sounds indicating obstruction in the small airways

Answer 32

wheezing

Question 33

an autosomal recessive trait. An inherited disease of the exocrine glands affecting primarily the GI and respiratory system. It leads to chronic lung disease, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hepatobiliary disease, and abnormally high sweat electrolytes.

Answer 33

cystic fibrosis

Question 34

a multisystem genetic disorder, a defect of the exocrine glands, causing tenacious mucus in the lungs

Answer 34

cystic fibrosis

Question 35

faster and deeper respirations than normal without pauses

Answer 35

Kussmaul’s respiration

Question 36

faster and deeper respirations than normal without pauses

Answer 36

Kussmaul’s respiration

Question 37

Kussmaul’s respiration is associated with what acidosis?

Answer 37

metabolic acidosis

Question 38

alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing

Answer 38

Cheyne-stokes respirations