Chapter 10 Blood and Circulatory System Disorder

Question 1

parietal cells can no longer produce hydrochloric acid leading to a low level or absence of acid in the gastric secretions

Answer 1

achlorhydria

Question 2

clumping of particles

Answer 2

agglutination

Question 3

loss of muscle control/coordination

Answer 3

ataxia

Question 4

a reflex adjustment in a small area of a tissue or an organ, which varies depending on the needs of the cells in the area

Answer 4

autoregulation

Question 5

the balance of the heme component is converted to this then is transported by the blood to the liver where it is conjugated or combined with glucuronide to make it more soluble and then its excreted in the bile

Answer 5

bilirubin

Question 6

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes that results from an excessive amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule

Answer 6

cyanotic

Question 7

the direct cause of this is the lack of vitamin B12

Answer 7

pernicious anemia

Question 8

deoxygenated hemoglobin, which is dark or bluish-red in color and is found in the venous blood

Answer 8

deoxyhemoglobin

Question 9

an ameboid action, the movement through an intact capillary wall when they are needed for defensive processes

Answer 9

diapedesis

Question 10

disorders involving cellular components of blood

Answer 10

dyscrasia

Question 11

increased effort to breathe

Answer 11

dyspnea

Question 12

englargement of spleen

Answer 12

splenomegaly

Question 13

an increase in RBCs that occurs in response to prolonged hypoxia and increased erythropoietin secretion

Answer 13

erythrocytosis

Question 14

the hormone that originates from the kidney which stimulates erythrocyte production in the red bone marrow in response to tissue hypoxia, or insufficient O2 available to cells

Answer 14

erythropoietin

Question 15

excess iron can be stored like this

water-soluble and heat resistant up to 75 C

Answer 15

ferritin

Question 16

less color

Answer 16

hypochromic

Question 17

inflammation of the oral mucosa and tongue

Answer 17

glossitis

Question 18

spontaneous hemorrhage into joints eventually causing painful and crippling deformities resulting from recurrent inflammation

Answer 18

hemarthrosis

Question 19

the proportion of cells (essentially the erythrocytes) in blood and indicates the viscosity of the blood. Male has higher about 42-52% than females 37-48%. An elevated level of this lab indicates dehydration or excess RBC. Low levels of this lab can result from anemia and blood loss.

Answer 19

hematocrit

Question 20

blood formation. Various blood cells develop from a single stem cell (pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell) during this process is known as

Answer 20

hematopoiesis

Question 21

destruction of RBCs may cause elevated serum bilirubin levels resulting in jaundice which is the yellow color in the sclera of the eye and skin

Answer 21

hemolysis

Question 22

removal of blood

Answer 22

phlebotomy

Question 23

excessive iron can be stored like this in the liver, blood and other body tissues
water-insoluble and thermally denatured

Answer 23

hemosiderin

Question 24

process of stopping bleeding

1. The immediate response of a blood vessel to injury is vasoconstriction of vascular spasm. In small vessels, this decreases blood flow and may allow platelet plugs to form
2. thrombocytes tend to adhere to the underlying tissue at the site of injury and if the blood vessel is small, can form a platelet plug in the vessel
3. the blood clotting or coagulation mechanism is required in larger vessels by which the clotting factors that are present in inactive forms in the circulating blood are activated through a sequence of reactions

Answer 24

hemostasis

Question 25

produced to increase certain types of WBCs during an inflammatory response

Answer 25

interleukin

Question 26

a systemic sign

an increase in WBCs in the circulation often associated with inflammation or infection

Answer 26

leukocytosis

Question 27

decrease in leukocytes occurs with some viral infections as well as with radiation and chemotherapy

Answer 27

leukopenia

Question 28

production of WBC is stimulated by colon-stimulating factors (CSFs) produced by cells such as macrophages and T lymphocytes

Answer 28

leukopoiesis

Question 29

enlarged RBCs contains nuclei

Answer 29

macrocytes

Question 30

acts as phagocytes with tissue damage occurs

Answer 30

macrophages

Question 31

causes many forms of anemia
forex. pernicious anemia a common type of megaloblastic anemia is caused by______of vitamin B 12 which is characterized by a lack of intrinsic factor which is needed to absorb B12 in the intestine.

Answer 31

malabsorption

Question 32

large nucleated red blood cell (RBC) precursors with noncondensed chromatin due to impaired DNA synthesis

Answer 32

megaloblasts

Question 33

size and shape

Answer 33

morphology

Question 34

a term used for diseases that involve inadequate production of cells by the bone marrow. exclude disorders such as aplastic anemia and deficiency dyscrasias.

Answer 34

myelodysplastic

Question 35

such as radiation, industrial chemicals, and drugs that may damage the bone marrow

Answer 35

myelotoxins

Question 36

a reduction in circulating neutrophils

Answer 36

neutropenia

Question 37

excessively full of bodily fluid, particularly blood

Answer 37

plethoric

Question 38

immature non-nucleated RBC

Answer 38

reticulocyte

Question 39

most common of the blood-clotting disorders and result from deficiencies in the number of circulating platelets

Answer 39

thrombocytopenia