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Ultrasound Physics > Chapter 13 Real-Time Imaging > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Real-Time Imaging Flashcards

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0
Q

Ability of the system to create numerous frames per second is called?

A

Frame rate

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1
Q

Images displayed one image at a time in the early days was known as?

A

Static scanning

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2
Q

Factors affecting frame rate include

A
  • speed of sound in the medium

- imaging depth

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3
Q

What unit is frame rate measured in?

A

Hertz (images per second)

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4
Q

What does “accuracy in time” (the ability to precisely position moving structures from instant to instant) describe?

A

Temporal resolution

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5
Q

Temporal resolution is excellent when a system produces __________ frames per second.

A

Many

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6
Q

Temporal resolution is determined by?

A

Frame rate

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7
Q

High frame rate will ________ temporal resolution.

A

Improve

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8
Q

What are the units for temporal resolution?

A

Hertz (per second)

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9
Q

What is the relationship between frame rate and the time required to make a single image?

A

Inversely related and reciprocals

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10
Q

Two sonographer-controlled settings of an ultrasound system determine frame rate:

A
  1. Imaging depth

2. Number of pulses per frame

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11
Q

Imaging depth and frame rate are directly or inversely related?

A

Inversely related

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12
Q

Shallow imaging increases frame rate and does what to temporal resolution?

A

Improves

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13
Q

Deeper imaging decreases frame rate and does what to temporal resolution?

A

Degrades

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14
Q

High frame rate equals _________ depth

A

Shallow

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15
Q

Low frame rate equals _______ depth

A

Deep

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16
Q

The following describes what type of imaging:

  • short go-return time
  • shorter Tframe
  • higher frame rate
  • superior temporal resolution
A

Shallow imaging

17
Q

The following describes what type of imaging depth:

  • long go-return time
  • longer Tframe
  • lower frame rate
  • inferior temporal resolution
A

Deep imaging

18
Q

What’s the equation for time needed to make a single frame?

A

Tframe = # pulses x PRP

19
Q

Pulses per frame and frame rate are directly or inversely related?

A

Inversely related

20
Q

What is needed to give the illusion of moving pictures?

A

High frame rate

21
Q

What factors affect the number of pulses needed to create an image?

A
  • number of focal points
  • sector size
  • line density
22
Q

What type of focus is describe below:

  • one pulse per scan line
  • shorter Tframe
  • higher frame rate
  • better temporal resolution
  • poorer lateral resolution
A

Single focus

23
Q

What type of focus is described below:

  • many pulses per scan line
  • longer Tframe
  • lower frame rate
  • diminished temporal resolution
  • improved lateral resolution
A

Multi-focus

24
Q

What is the main advantage of multiple focal zones?

A

It improves accuracy in the individual images, each scan line has better lateral resolution because it is narrow over a wide range if depths

25
Q

Field of view (sector size) and frame rate are directly or inversely related?

A

Inversely related

26
Q

Narrower images result in ______ frame rates. Wider images result in _______ frame rate.

A

Higher; lower

27
Q
  • fewer pulses per frame
  • shorter Tframe
  • higher frame rate
  • superior temporal resolution
    These describe what type of sector?
A

Narrow sector

28
Q
  • more pulses per frame
  • longer Tframe
  • lower frame rate
  • inferior temporal resolution
    These describe what type of sector?
A

Wide sector

29
Q

Ultrasound systems can alter the spacing between sounds beams and this is known as?

A

Line density

30
Q

Lines that are spaced far apart is?

A

Low line density

31
Q

Lines closely packed is called?

A

High line density

32
Q

Line density and frame rate are directly or inversely related?

A

Inversely related

33
Q
  • widely spaced lines
  • fewer pulses per frame
  • shorter Tframe
  • higher frame rate
  • high temporal resolution
  • poor spatial resolution
    This describes what type of line density?
A

Low line density

34
Q
  • tightly packed lines
  • more pulses per frame
  • longer Tframe
  • lower frame rate
  • low temporal resolution
  • excellent spatial resolution
    Describes what type of line density?
A

High line density

35
Q

What is the main advantage of high line density?

A

Improved spatial (detail) resolution

36
Q

Lateral resolution improves with _________ focusing.

A

Multi

37
Q

Spatial resolution improves with _______ line density

A

Higher

38
Q
  • shallower imaging
  • single focus
  • narrow sector
  • low line density
    Describes what type of frame rate?
A

Better-higher frame rate

39
Q
  • deeper imaging
  • multiple focal points (improves lateral resolution)
  • wide sector
  • high line density (improves spatial resolution)
    Describes what type of frame rate
A

Worse-lower Frame rate

40
Q

Temporal resolution is directly or inversely related to frame rate?

A

Directly related

Ultrasound Physics (7 decks)

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