Chapter 13 Pool of Questions Flashcards
The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a…
mood of fatalism among Calvin’s followers.
mass exodus from the city of Geneva.
confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation.
withdrawal of Calvinists from the world of business and politics.
confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation.
How effective was the Holy Office (or Universal Inquisition), established by the papacy in 1542?
The Holy Office was filled with internal rivalries and conflicts that prevented it from effectively working, despite a few famous cases.
The Holy Office effectively destroyed heresy within the Papal States but had little influence elsewhere.
The Holy Office had considerable success in all Catholic lands where political leaders supported it.
The Holy Office’s process of rooting out heresy was so effective that many Protestant leaders invited it to work in Protestant lands.
The Holy Office effectively destroyed heresy within the Papal States but had little influence elsewhere.
Which factor contributed to the success of Martin Luther’s reform efforts?
Luther led a unified reform movement that was able to coordinate its actions in several different territories and kingdoms.
Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works.
Luther’s status as a nobleman brought him respect and legitimacy that he could use to defend his ideas.
Luther did not need political support and, therefore, was able to develop his ideas without political interference.
Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works.
How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the Holy Roman emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521?
Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church’s teachings and practices.
Luther obtained permission to continue to call for reform as long as he remained loyal to papal authority.
Charles guaranteed Luther’s personal protection for the rest of his life as long as he remained within imperial lands.
Luther was granted permission to call for church reform of institutional corruption as long as he accepted official papal doctrine.
Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church’s teachings and practices.
Which fate did most people who were brought before the Inquisition and accused of witchcraft face?
They were found guilty and had their property seized.
They were found guilty and executed.
They were given a warning and ordered to do penance.
They were found innocent and exonerated of any wrongdoing.
They were given a warning and ordered to do penance.
Why did Henry VIII have to receive a special papal dispensation to marry Catherine of Aragon?
Catherine was his brother’s widow, which was against canon law.
Catherine and Henry VIII were deeply religious and wanted to seek the pope’s approval.
Catherine was a Protestant, and to marry Henry she had to renounce her religion and become Catholic.
Catherine was already pregnant, and the baby was the heir to the English throne.
Catherine was his brother’s widow, which was against canon law.
The following excerpt is from a 1587 German account of the testimony at the trial of an accused witch: “Walpurga Hausmännin . . . upon kindly questioning and also torture . . . confessed . . . that the Evil One indulged in fornication with her . . . and made her many promises to help her in her poverty and need. . . . She promised herself body and soul to him and disowned God in heaven. . . . With her devil-paramour and other playfellows she has eaten these [animals and children] and used their hair and their little bones for witchcraft.”
The passage provides evidence of which belief held at the time?
The belief that all witches would eventually betray themselves
The belief that the essence of witchcraft was a pact with the Devil
The belief that only women could be witches
The belief that witches were indirectly carrying out God’s will
The belief that the essence of witchcraft was a pact with the Devil
In Hungary, Lutheranism was…
destroyed by Turks when they seized control of the realm.
embraced by the high nobility as attacking their clerical rivals.
rejected by nearly all people as a heresy of the hated Germans.
spread by students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg.
spread by students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg.
Luther’s reforms spread rapidly, in part because the Holy Roman Empire was…
made up of hundreds of largely independent states.
ethnically and socially homogenous.
ruled by a powerful central government.
made up of numerous republics.
made up of hundreds of largely independent states.
How did the Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor?
Work marked the duty to which God called the unlearned, freeing superior minds for contemplation.
Hard work was the duty of criminals and non-Christians so that Christians could pursue holiness.
Hard work was a possible sign that one was among God’s elect.
Work was the consequence of sin entering the world and marked the shame of humankind.
Hard work was a possible sign that one was among God’s elect.
Why did most ordinary Poles oppose the Lutheran reform movement?
They were exempt from most church taxes.
They believed themselves specially selected by God to preserve the Catholic faith.
They held strong anti-German sentiments.
They saw the Catholic Church as a counterweight to the power of the Polish monarchy.
They held strong anti-German sentiments.
The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was…
to reconcile with Protestantism.
institutional reform.
to combat heresy and Protestantism.
to morally uplift both clergy and laity.
to morally uplift both clergy and laity.
Which of these was a consequence of the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
An international peace conference
New efforts to bring civil order to France
The end of Protestant power in France
A continuation of religious warfare
A continuation of religious warfare
France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to…
prevent English influence from increasing in Germany.
prevent Holy Roman emperor Charles V from increasing his power.
contain Protestantism east of the Rhine.
spread Protestantism.
prevent Holy Roman emperor Charles V from increasing his power.
Luther’s reforms spread rapidly, in part because the Holy Roman Empire was…
ethnically and socially homogenous.
ruled by a powerful central government.
made up of hundreds of largely independent states.
made up of numerous republics.
made up of hundreds of largely independent states.
Which of the following did the Colloquy of Marburg of 1529 fail to do?
Unite all Protestants to adopt a common reformed liturgy and standards for clerical behavior
Establish basic tenets of Catholic reform in opposition to the Protestant reform movement
Resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of the Eucharist
Create basic tenets of Calvinism, which could then be adapted to specific national contexts
Resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of the Eucharist
In addition to reforming the church, the other, unrealized goal of the Council of Trent was…
eliminating the Bohemian Church.
reconciling with the Protestants.
recognizing bishops’ independence from secular rulers.
reinforcing the power of monarchs.
reconciling with the Protestants.
According to Map 13.2: Religious Divisions in Europe, ca. 1555, which region of Europe shown in the map experienced the most diversity in religious faith around 1555?
East-central Europe
Southern Europe
The British Isles
Scandinavia
East-central Europe
John Calvin rejected the idea of free will because he believed it would
undermine the need for the crucifixion of Christ.
eliminate the idea of the divine right of kings.
detract from the sovereignty of God.
undermine the idea of human sinfulness.
detract from the sovereignty of God.
Believing that only those sacraments mentioned in Scripture were valid, Martin Luther supported the validity of which two Catholic sacraments?
Marriage and holy orders
Reconciliation and baptism
Confirmation and anointing of the sick
Baptism and the Eucharist
Baptism and the Eucharist
