Chapter 12 Pool of Questions

Question 1

In early Renaissance Italy, art was…
a manifestation of corporate power.
commissioned by nobles only.
not meant to represent living people.
seen as subversive by the church.

Answer 1

a manifestation of corporate power.

Question 2

Which person was a wealthy Florentine and the political leader of his city?
Gerolama Orsini
Giovanni Sforza
Cesare Borgia
Cosimo de Medici

Answer 2

Cosimo de Medici

Question 3

Which statement best characterizes the difference between the art of the Renaissance and its predecessor in the Middle Ages?
Renaissance portraits emphasized realism and reflected human ideals, rather than spiritual ideals.
Many women became prominent artists during the Renaissance.
Religious topics were no longer popular in Renaissance artworks.
Sculpture became a new visual art during the Renaissance.

Answer 3

Renaissance portraits emphasized realism and reflected human ideals, rather than spiritual ideals.

Question 4

The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile…
permitted the monarchs to undermine the provincial elite by unifying the two states into a single kingdom.
created a dynastic union but did not unify the separate kingdoms into a single state.
undermined the claims of the Holy Roman emperor to be the defender of the church.
unified all of the Iberian Peninsula under a single monarchy.

Answer 4

created a dynastic union but did not unify the separate kingdoms into a single state.

Question 5

Educated fifteenth-century Italians believed that…
they were living in a new age of human history.
they had much to learn from the culture of the
Middle Ages.
the world was coming to an end.
their society was enduring inevitable decline.

Answer 5

they were living in a new age of human history.

Question 6

Which cities led the way in the great commercial revival of the eleventh century?
Southern Italian cities
The cities of central Europe
Northern Italian cities
The cities of southern France

Answer 6

Northern Italian cities

Question 7

Why did a unified Italian state fail to develop in the fifteenth century?
Italians were too culturally and linguistically diverse to realistically contemplate unification.
The papacy prevented any movement toward unification, fearing a threat to its political authority.
Political loyalty and feeling centered on a passionate attachment to the individual city-state.
France and the Holy Roman Empire had too many land claims in the region to permit any unification.

Answer 7

Political loyalty and feeling centered on a passionate attachment to the individual city-state.

Question 8

Which group believed that the merging of Christian and classical traditions could provide reform for the church and deepen the spiritual lives of people?
Jacobites
Patricians
Humanists
Conversos

Answer 8

Humanists

Question 9

Which French word did historian Giorgio Vasari coin to describe the “rebirth” of the culture of classical antiquity?
Ancien régime
Détente
Renaissance
Reconnaissance

Answer 9

Renaissance

Question 10

According to the text, Thomas More’s Utopia was remarkable for its time because it asserted that…
the problems afflicting society could be solved by a benevolent government.
flaws in the divine nature were responsible for human corruption.
Native Americans could be saved through conversion to Christianity.
North America would one day be the site of the greatest power in world history.

Answer 10

the problems afflicting society could be solved by a benevolent government.

Question 11

The fall of which city to Christian forces in 1492 signaled the completion of the reconquista?
Granada
Catalonia
Navarre
Portugal

Answer 11

Granada

Question 12

The Spanish Inquisition was established to…
regulate university curricula.
root out insincere Jewish converts to Christianity.
investigate and punish suspected witches.
counteract the influence of the mendicant orders.

Answer 12

root out insincere Jewish converts to Christianity.

Question 13

Which source of patronage was the most important for Renaissance artists?
Universities and academic institutions
Wealthy individuals and rulers
Art guilds and confraternities
Monasteries and local parishes

Answer 13

Wealthy individuals and rulers

Question 14

Which statement correctly identifies the Spanish conversos?
Jewish Christians, some of whom held prominent positions in the state, church, and business
American Indians who journeyed to Spain to demonstrate that they could and would embrace Christianity
Albigensian heretics who had fled to Spain to avoid the Inquisition in France
Muslim converts to Christianity following the fall of Granada

Answer 14

Jewish Christians, some of whom held prominent positions in the state, church, and business

Question 15

According to Map 12.1: The Italian City-States, ca. 1494, which European monarch invaded multiple Italian city-states in 1494?
Ferdinand of Spain
Henry VII of England
Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire
Charles VIII of France

Answer 15

Charles VIII of France

Question 16

Under Henry VII of England, the center of royal authority was
the archdiocese of Canterbury.
the London Guild Hall.
Parliament.
the royal council.

Answer 16

the royal council.

Question 17

Which purposes did sumptuary laws serve?
Sumptuary laws attacked social inequalities by rejecting luxury products and sought to protect local industries by requiring the use of certain materials.
Sumptuary laws attempted to impose moral standards and challenged the efforts of the clergy to express their status through clothing styles.
Sumptuary laws reinforced social hierarchies, attempted to impose moral standards, and sought to protect local industries.
Sumptuary laws sought to prevent all forms of luxury, reinforce ascetic piety, and undermine the growing wealth of merchants.

Answer 17

Sumptuary laws reinforced social hierarchies, attempted to impose moral standards, and sought to protect local industries.

Question 18

Which statement best describes the social position of enslaved Africans on the Iberian Peninsula between 1350 and 1500?
They were kept in guarded, military-style barracks that limited their ability to move within society.
They were socially segregated as a lesser class lacking any rights.
They intermingled with and sometimes married the people they lived close to.
They isolated themselves into tight-knit communities that sought to achieve independence from their enslavers.

Answer 18

They intermingled with and sometimes married the people they lived close to.

Question 19

Which group believed that the merging of Christian and classical traditions could provide reform for the church and deepen the spiritual lives of people?
Humanists
Jacobites
Conversos
Patricians

Answer 19

Humanists

Question 20

Which prominent metal-smith helped develop metal movable print?
Johann Fust
Johann Gutenberg
Leonardo da Vinci
Desiderius Erasmus

Answer 20

Johann Gutenberg

Question 21

The Spanish Inquisition was established to…
investigate and punish suspected witches.
root out insincere Jewish converts to Christianity.
counteract the influence of the mendicant orders.
regulate university curricula.

Answer 21

root out insincere Jewish converts to Christianity.

Question 22

Which prominent metal-smith helped develop metal movable print?
Desiderius Erasmus
Johann Gutenberg
Johann Fust
Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 22

Johann Gutenberg

Question 23

In early Renaissance Italy, art was…
commissioned by nobles only.
seen as subversive by the church.
a manifestation of corporate power.
not meant to represent living people.

Answer 23

a manifestation of corporate power.

Question 24

Which purposes did sumptuary laws serve?
Sumptuary laws attacked social inequalities by rejecting luxury products and sought to protect local industries by requiring the use of certain materials.
Sumptuary laws attempted to impose moral standards and challenged the efforts of the clergy to express their status through clothing styles.
Sumptuary laws reinforced social hierarchies, attempted to impose moral standards, and sought to protect local industries.
Sumptuary laws sought to prevent all forms of luxury, reinforce ascetic piety, and undermine the growing wealth of merchants.

Answer 24

Sumptuary laws reinforced social hierarchies, attempted to impose moral standards, and sought to protect local industries.

Question 25

Which Florentine artist was commissioned by Pope Julius II to paint the Sistine Chapel?
Michelangelo
Da Vinci
Botticelli
Raphael

Answer 25

Michelangelo

Question 26

According to Map 12.1: The Italian City-States, ca. 1494, which European monarch invaded multiple Italian city-states in 1494?
Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire
Charles VIII of France
Henry VII of England
Ferdinand of Spain

Answer 26

Charles VIII of France

Question 27

Which French word did historian Giorgio Vasari coin to describe the “rebirth” of the culture of classical antiquity?
Détente
Ancien régime
Renaissance
Reconnaissance

Answer 27

Renaissance

Question 28

Which statement best expresses the beliefs of Francesco Petrarch?
The barbarian invaders had brought a new, vigorous energy to Western culture that needed to be integrated into the classical tradition.
A new era would dawn as writers stripped Christianity of the classical Roman influences that had polluted the church’s teachings.
The rediscovery of classical texts would bring about a new golden age of intellectual accomplishment.
The writers of ancient Greece had reached a perfection in literature and philosophy that the writers of ancient Rome had corrupted.

Answer 28

The rediscovery of classical texts would bring about a new golden age of intellectual accomplishment.

Question 29

Which establishment did Charles VII of France found that was the first of its kind in Europe?
A national bank
An art museum
A permanent royal army
A public library

Answer 29

A permanent royal army

Question 30

Which statement best characterizes the Renaissance idea of virtù?
Moral goodness as set out in the Christian Scriptures
The ability to shape the world around oneself according to one’s will
The expression of perfection in a life lived in balance and simplicity
The serenity achieved through contemplation and acceptance of life’s hardships

Answer 30

The ability to shape the world around oneself according to one’s will

Question 31

Which action taken by Petrarch helped bring about a new golden age in Italy?
He recommended a new method of education.
He devoted himself to prayer and fasting.
He donated all his wealth to the church.
He entered the service of the lords of Florence.

Answer 31

He recommended a new method of education.

Question 32

Which educational book by Baldassare Castiglione provided a treatise on training a young man in the discipline and fashion needed for the courtly ideal of being a gentleman?
The Courtier
The Prince
Education of a Christian Prince
Utopia

Answer 32

The Courtier

Question 33

Which statement best characterizes Girolamo Savonarola?
He came to power in Florence as a general suppressing a popular revolt but lost authority when the merchants rejected his efforts to restrict their wealth.
He was appointed ruler in Florence by the pope but lost authority when he challenged papal interference in Florence’s banking industry.
He came to power in Florence denouncing vice and corruption but lost authority as people grew tired of his moral condemnations.
He was appointed chief administrator in Florence by the ruling oligarchs but lost power when he failed to defeat the French invasion.

Answer 33

He came to power in Florence denouncing vice and corruption but lost authority as people grew tired of his moral condemnations.

Question 34

Which group believed that the merging of Christian and classical traditions could provide reform for the church and deepen the spiritual lives of people?
Humanists
Conversos
Jacobites
Patricians

Answer 34

Humanists

Question 35

Which statement correctly identifies the Spanish conversos?
Jewish Christians, some of whom held prominent positions in the state, church, and business
Muslim converts to Christianity following the fall of Granada
American Indians who journeyed to Spain to demonstrate that they could and would embrace Christianity
Albigensian heretics who had fled to Spain to avoid the Inquisition in France

Answer 35

Jewish Christians, some of whom held prominent positions in the state, church, and business

Question 36

The controversial dialogue in Utopia (1516) was written by which author?
Niccolo Machiavelli
John Locke
Desiderius Erasmus
Thomas More

Answer 36

Thomas More

Question 37

Which French word did historian Giorgio Vasari coin to describe the “rebirth” of the culture of classical antiquity?
Renaissance
Ancien régime
Reconnaissance
Détente

Answer 37

Renaissance

Question 38

The Concordat of Bologna, between Francis I of France and Pope Leo X, gave the French monarch the authority to…
choose bishops and abbots in France.
administer monasteries in Italy.
administer Italian city-states.
select the pope.

Answer 38

choose bishops and abbots in France.

Question 39

Which distinct artistic genre emerged during the Renaissance?
Individual portrait
Religious allegory
Historical painting
Landscape

Answer 39

Individual portrait

Question 40

Which purposes did sumptuary laws serve?
Sumptuary laws reinforced social hierarchies, attempted to impose moral standards, and sought to protect local industries.
Sumptuary laws sought to prevent all forms of luxury, reinforce ascetic piety, and undermine the growing wealth of merchants.
Sumptuary laws attempted to impose moral standards and challenged the efforts of the clergy to express their status through clothing styles.
Sumptuary laws attacked social inequalities by rejecting luxury products and sought to protect local industries by requiring the use of certain materials.

Answer 40

Sumptuary laws reinforced social hierarchies, attempted to impose moral standards, and sought to protect local industries.

Question 41

Which Florentine artist was commissioned by Pope Julius II to paint the Sistine Chapel?
Da Vinci
Botticelli
Michelangelo
Raphael

Answer 41

Michelangelo

Question 42

Under Henry VII of England, the center of royal authority was
the archdiocese of Canterbury.
Parliament.
the London Guild Hall.
the royal council.

Answer 42

the royal council.

Question 43

Why did a unified Italian state fail to develop in the fifteenth century?
Italians were too culturally and linguistically diverse to realistically contemplate unification.
Political loyalty and feeling centered on a passionate attachment to the individual city-state.
The papacy prevented any movement toward unification, fearing a threat to its political authority.
France and the Holy Roman Empire had too many land claims in the region to permit any unification.

Answer 43

Political loyalty and feeling centered on a passionate attachment to the individual city-state.

Question 44

Which statement identifies a barrier to women’s success as painters in the Renaissance?
They could not work in public, a requirement of the fresco technique.
They were only allowed to begin their careers after their husband’s death.
They were only permitted to paint domestic scenes.
They could not paint male figures.

Answer 44

They could not work in public, a requirement of the fresco technique.

Question 45

Which role did the idea of “fate” play in Machiavelli’s analysis in The Prince?
Even the most skilled and prepared ruler could not fully escape the operations of fate, which might cause a prince to lose his realm.
Fate marked the sheer random movement of nature and people that was beyond the ability of any ruler to control.
The skilled ruler could overcome the operations of fate if he was willing to abandon all moral limitations and scruples.
The idea of fate was but a metaphor for the favor that God randomly bestowed on some rulers and denied to others.

Answer 45

Even the most skilled and prepared ruler could not fully escape the operations of fate, which might cause a prince to lose his realm.

Question 46

Which statement best characterizes the Renaissance idea of virtù?
The ability to shape the world around oneself according to one’s will
The serenity achieved through contemplation and acceptance of life’s hardships
Moral goodness as set out in the Christian Scriptures
The expression of perfection in a life lived in balance and simplicity

Answer 46

The ability to shape the world around oneself according to one’s will

Question 47

The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile…
permitted the monarchs to undermine the provincial elite by unifying the two states into a single kingdom.
undermined the claims of the Holy Roman emperor to be the defender of the church.
unified all of the Iberian Peninsula under a single monarchy.
created a dynastic union but did not unify the separate kingdoms into a single state.

Answer 47

created a dynastic union but did not unify the separate kingdoms into a single state.

Question 48

Which prominent metal-smith helped develop metal movable print?
Johann Gutenberg
Desiderius Erasmus
Leonardo da Vinci
Johann Fust

Answer 48

Johann Gutenberg

Question 49

The Tudor king Henry VII of England won broad, popular support by…
restricting the wages of the working classes.
reforming the church.
lowering taxes and subsidizing the wool industry.
promoting peace and social order at the local level.

Answer 49

promoting peace and social order at the local level.

Question 50

The Spanish Inquisition was established to
counteract the influence of the mendicant orders.
investigate and punish suspected witches.
root out insincere Jewish converts to Christianity.
regulate university curricula.

Answer 50

root out insincere Jewish converts to Christianity.