chapter 13 photosynthesis

Question 1

light-dependent reaction

Answer 1

.traps light energy by photosynthetic pigments
.energy produced as ATP and NADPH
.energy transfer to light-independent reaction

Question 2

light-independent reaction

Answer 2

.Calvin cycle

.fixation of carbon dioxide

Question 3

photosynthetic pigments

Answer 3

.found on thylakoid membranes of chloroplast

.traps light energy

Question 4

two grps of photosynthetic pigments

Answer 4

.chlorophylls

.carotenoids

Question 5

which is the primary pigment

Answer 5

.chlorophyll a (yellow green)

.chlorophyll b

Question 6

light absorption spectrum

Answer 6

graph of light absorbance by pigments

Question 7

photosynthetic action spectrum

Answer 7

graph of rate of photosynthesis

Question 8

Rf value

Answer 8

distance traveled by pigment/distance travelled by solvent

Question 9

equation for photosynthesis

Answer 9

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 10

where is chlorophyll present

Answer 10

in thylakoids of chloroplast

Question 11

photoactivation in light-dependent reaction

Answer 11

.light energy is absorbed by both photosystems
.light energy is passed to the primary pigment at
reaction center
.electrons are excited to a higher energy level
.electrons emitted from reaction center
.electrons captured by electron acceptors

Question 12

electron transport chain and ATP synthesis in light-dependent reaction

Answer 12

.electron pass along electron carriers of the ETC
.electrons release energy to produce ATP through chemiosmosis
.energy used to pump H+ ions across membrane into thylakoid membrane
.H+ ions builds up a gradient
.H+ ions move down the gradient into the stroma via ATP synthase

Question 13

photolysis and reduction of NADP in light-dependent reaction

Answer 13

.occurs at PS II 
.splitting of h2o into h+ and oh-
.electrons are removes form oh-
.h20-> 2h+ + 1/2o2 +2e-
.h+ combines with de-energized electrons from PS I to 
 reduce NADP 
. NADP +2h+ + 2e- -> NADPH

Question 14

what is PS I and PS II

Answer 14

.PS I absorbs longer wavelengths, the accessory
pigments
.PS II absorbs shorter wavelengths, the primary
pigment

Question 15

what happens to the electrons, oxygen and h+ ion in photolysis

Answer 15

.electrons will replace the lost electrons in PS II
.oxygen is a waste gas
.H+ ions will combine with de-energized electrons from
PS I to reduce NADP

Question 16

cyclic photophosphorylation (light-dependent reaction)

Answer 16

.involves only PS I
.reaction center of PS I is photoactivated
.electrons are excited and emitted from chlorophyll
.captured by and electron acceptor
.passed along ETC
.energy is released by electrons and ATP is produce
via chemiosmosis
.electrons return to original photosystem, PS I

Question 17

fixation of carbon dioxide in light-independent reaction (calvin cycle)

Answer 17

.carbon dioxide(1C) is combines with ribulose
bisphosphate(RuBP)(5C)
.produce 2 of glycerate-3-phosphate(GP)(3C)
.catalysed by enzyme ribulose bisphosphate
carboxylase(rubisco)

Question 18

reduction in light-dependent reaction(calvin cycle)

Answer 18

.2 of GP is reduced using ATP and reduced NADP
.2 of triose phosphate(TP) is produced (3C)
.some of NADP is regenerated
.1/6 of TP is converted into other molecules

Question 19

regeneration of RuBP (calvin cycle)

Answer 19

.5/6 of the molecules of TP is use to regenerate ribulose bisphosphate(RuBP)
.this process uses ATP

Question 20

how does the structure of grana relates to its function

Answer 20

.it has a membrane with large surface area
.able to hold pigments, enzymes and electron carriers
needed for the light-dependent reaction
.able to hold ATP synthase which is needed for the
synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis.
.large number of pigments are arranged in a light-
harvesting cluster(photosystem) to absorb light
.for efficient light absorption, different pigments are arranged in a funnel-like structure
.energy absorbed is pass on and on until it reaches the
reaction center.

Question 21

how does the structure of stoma relates to its function

Answer 21

.site of light-independent reaction
.able to hold the enzymes needed in calvin cycle, some
sugar and organic acid
.bathes grana membrane, receives products of the
light-dependent reaction.

Question 22

limiting factors affecting rate of photosynthesis

Answer 22

.light intensity
.temperature
.carbon dioxide