Chapter 13 - PAR

Question 1

What percentage of Canadians perceive their health as very good or excellent?

Answer 1

59.9% (56.9% in Sask.)

Question 2

What percentage of First Nations, Metis, and Inuit perceived their health as very good or excellent?

Answer 2

First Nations - 49.9%
Metis - 53.7%
Inuit - 54.5%

Question 3

What percentage of Aboriginal adults aged 55-64 reported 3 or more chronic conditions?

Answer 3

7% vs. 2% general population.

Question 4

What percentage of Aboriginal adults aged 75 and up reported 3 or more chronic conditions?

Answer 4

51% vs. 23% general population.

Question 5

Obesity trends:

Answer 5

First Nations adults - 35-68%
Metis Adults - 49.3%
General - 24.1%

Question 6

Diabetes trends:

Answer 6

First Nations adults - 20.7%
Metis adults - 11%
General - 5.2%

Question 7

What are the proximal social determinants of health?

Answer 7

1. Health behaviors
2. Physical environments
3. Employment and income
4. Food insecurity
5. Education

Question 8

What are the intermediate social determinants of health?

Answer 8

1. Health care systems
2. Educational systems
3. Community
4. Environmental stewardship
5. Cultural continuity

Question 9

What are the distal social determinants of health?

Answer 9

1. Colonialism
2. Racism and social exclusion
3. Self-determination

Question 10

What is the process of participatory action research methodology?

Answer 10

Plan - Act - Observe - Reflect

Question 11

What quantitative methods were involved?

Answer 11

1. Food frequency questionnaire
2. PA questionnaire for children and accelerometry
3. Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs questionnaire

Question 12

What qualitative methods were involved?

Answer 12

1. Focus groups and interviews

2. Photovoice

Question 13

What are the three reasons CBPAR is used in Indigenous Health Research?

Answer 13

1. Actively involves Indigenous community members throughout the research process.
2. Allows for flexibility in integrating community perspectives and values.
3. Attempts to negate power imbalances between researchers and community members.