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Biology Test 3 > Chapter 13 - Meiosis > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Meiosis Flashcards

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0
Q

Differences between members of the same species

A

Variation

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1
Q

Transmission of traits from one generation to the next

A

Heredity

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2
Q

Scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation

A

Genetics

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3
Q

Discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA

A

Genes

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4
Q

A haploid reproductive cell such as an egg or a sperm. They unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote

A

Gametes

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5
Q

Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or an egg or their precursor

A

Somatic cell

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6
Q

A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located

A

Locus

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7
Q

The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes. In most cases, offspring are genetically identical to the parent

A

Asexual reproduction

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8
Q

Reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the parents

A

Sexual reproduction

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9
Q

A group of genetically identical individuals

A

Clone

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10
Q

Generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism

A

Life cycle

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11
Q

A display of chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape

A

Karotype

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12
Q

A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One of the chromosomes is inherited from the mother and one from the father.

A

Homologous chromosomes

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13
Q

Chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual

A

Sex chromosomes

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14
Q

Chromosome not involved in sex determination

A

Autosomes

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15
Q

Cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) one from each parent

A

Diploid cells

16
Q

Cell with one set of chromosomes (n)

A

Haploid cells

17
Q

Union of gametes culminating in fusion of their nuclei

A

Fertilization

18
Q

Diploid product of the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg

A

Zygote

19
Q

A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell

A

Meiosis

20
Q

A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae

A

Alternation of generations

21
Q

Homologous chromosomes separate

A

Meiosis 1

22
Q

Sister chromatids separate

A

Meiosis 2

23
Q

The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during prophase 1 of meiosis

A

Crossing over

24
Q

X-shaped, microscopic region where homologous non-sister chromatids have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis, the two homologous chromosomes remaining associated due to sister chromatid cohesion

A

Chiasmata (chiasma)

25
Q

Zipper-like structure that physically connects homologous chromosomes during prophase 1

A

Synaptonemal complex

26
Q

Pairing and physical connection of duplicated homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis

A

Synopsis

27
Q

A chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into a single chromosome

A

Recombinant chromosomes

Biology Test 3 (7 decks)

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