Chapter 13: Meiosis

Question 1

The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?

Answer 1

either anaphase I or II

Question 2

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.

I. Prophase I V. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II

Synaptonemal complexes form or are still present.

Answer 2

I only

Question 3

Which of the following defines a genome?

Answer 3

the complete set of an organism’s genes

Question 4

A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude which of the following?

Answer 4

Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes.

Question 5

Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction?

Answer 5

In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit 50% of their genes to each of their offspring.

Question 6

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions.

Which sample might represent an animal cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 6

II

Question 7

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?

Answer 7

They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.

Question 8

If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be

Answer 8

2x

Question 9

The term used to describe traits passed down from generation to generation

Answer 9

Heredity

Question 10

A gene that is only found on the X chromosome

Answer 10

x-linked

Question 11

Observable differences in organisms between generations

Answer 11

variation

Question 12

Non-sex cells

Answer 12

Autosome, somatic

Question 13

Sister chromatids seperate

Answer 13

Anaphase I

Question 14

Ploid representation after S phase in humans

Answer 14

4N

Question 15

Identification of chromosomes based on their branding patter, centromere position, and size

Answer 15

Karyotype

Question 16

Physical location of a gene on a chromosome

Answer 16

locus

Question 17

Chromosomes that contain the same genes and thus are the same size, have the same centromere position, and the same banding patter

Answer 17

Homologous

Question 18

Results from the fusing of sex cells

Answer 18

Fertilization

Question 19

Nucleic acid code made from DNA in the nucleus and transported into the cytoplasm to make proteins

Answer 19

Messengernna

Question 20

In the human species, all somatic cells have 46 chromosomes. Which of the following can also be true?

Answer 20

A plant species (privet shrubs) has 46 chromosomes per cell.

Question 21

A tetrad includes which of the following sets of DNA strands?

Answer 21

two sets of sister chromatids that have synapsed

Question 22

Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?

Answer 22

Homologous chromosomes are seperated

Question 23

Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction?

Answer 23

In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit 50% of their genes to each of their offspring.

Question 24

If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents?

Answer 24

It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis.

Question 25

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions.

Which sample might represent a zygote?

Answer 25

I

Question 26

Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties?

Answer 26

They must be removed before anaphase can occur.

Question 27

After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is

Answer 27

haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.

Question 28

If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of a single cell at metaphase of meiosis II would be

Answer 28

x