Chapter 13: Meiosis Flashcards
The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?
either anaphase I or II
For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase I V. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II
Synaptonemal complexes form or are still present.
I only
Which of the following defines a genome?
the complete set of an organism’s genes
A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude which of the following?
Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes.
Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction?
In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit 50% of their genes to each of their offspring.
You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions.
Which sample might represent an animal cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
II
How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?
They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be
2x
The term used to describe traits passed down from generation to generation
Heredity
A gene that is only found on the X chromosome
x-linked
Observable differences in organisms between generations
variation
Non-sex cells
Autosome, somatic
Sister chromatids seperate
Anaphase I
Ploid representation after S phase in humans
4N
Identification of chromosomes based on their branding patter, centromere position, and size
Karyotype
Physical location of a gene on a chromosome
locus
Chromosomes that contain the same genes and thus are the same size, have the same centromere position, and the same banding patter
Homologous
Results from the fusing of sex cells
Fertilization
Nucleic acid code made from DNA in the nucleus and transported into the cytoplasm to make proteins
Messengernna
In the human species, all somatic cells have 46 chromosomes. Which of the following can also be true?
A plant species (privet shrubs) has 46 chromosomes per cell.
A tetrad includes which of the following sets of DNA strands?
two sets of sister chromatids that have synapsed
Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?
Homologous chromosomes are seperated
Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction?
In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit 50% of their genes to each of their offspring.
If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents?
It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis.
You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions.
Which sample might represent a zygote?
I
Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties?
They must be removed before anaphase can occur.
After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is
haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of a single cell at metaphase of meiosis II would be
x
