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BIO 101 > Chapter 10: Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 phases of photosynthesis?

A
  1. Carbon Fixation
  2. Reduction
  3. Regeneration of CO2 acceptor (RuBP)
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2
Q

Where does the light reaction occur?

A

The Thylakoid membrane

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3
Q

What’s the final electron acceptor?

A

NADP+

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4
Q

What goes into the Calvin Cycle (Dark Reaction)?

A

3 molecules of CO2, 6 NADPHs, and 9 ATPs

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5
Q

Carbons enters the cycle as CO2 and leaves as:

A

a 3 carbon sugar: G3P

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6
Q

How many ATP and NADPH do we need to make 1 G3P?

A

18 ATP and 12 NADPH

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7
Q

Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?

A

Stroma

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8
Q

Where does the Light Reaction occur?

A

Thylakoids

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9
Q

ATP and NADPH are used to synthesize organic molecules. What is this cycle called?

A

Calvin Cycle

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10
Q

Is the Calvin Cycle catabolic or anabolic?

A

Anabolic: building organic molecules from smaller components requiring energy to do so

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11
Q

What does Rubisco do?

A

Catches CO2 from the atmosphere and attaches it to a sugar called ribulose biphosphate

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12
Q

What are the 3 phases of photosynthesis?

A
  1. Carbon Fixation
  2. Reduction
  3. Regeneration of CO2 acceptor (RuBP)
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13
Q

Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during

A

both photosynthesis and respiration

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14
Q

In a plant leaf, the reactions that produce NADH occur in

A

neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle.

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15
Q

Reactions that require CO2 take place in

A

the Calvin cycle alone.

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16
Q

Figure 10.1 shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?

A

Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a.

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17
Q

Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?

A

the synthesis of ATP

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18
Q

When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of

A

splitting water molecules

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19
Q

What best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?

A

Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules; respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules

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20
Q

The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during

A

neither photosynthesis nor respiration.

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21
Q

What is the relationship between the wavelength of light and the quantity of energy per photon?

A

They are inversely related

22
Q

How many carbons are in ribulose

A

5

23
Q

Used to generate ATP molecules during photosynthesis

A

ATP synthase

24
Q

Pigments that can absorb light energy in photosynthetic organisms

A

Chlorophyll

25
Q

The difference in the number of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid lumen as compared to the stroma

A

1000 fold

26
Q

The only type of chlorophyll that participate DIRECTLY in the light reaction

A

Chlorophyll A

27
Q

An organism that cannot produce its own chemical energy

A

heterotroph

28
Q

Electron flow that occurs between photosystem II and I

A

Non-cyclic

29
Q

The color of light energy that is least useful in photosynthesis

A

Green

30
Q

Sacs within the stroma that contain chlorophyll and are the specific sites of the light reaction stage of photosynthesis

A

Thylakoids

31
Q

The number of NADPH required to produce one 3-carbon sugar in the dark reaction

A

6

32
Q

The by-product of the first step of the light reaction of photosystem II. Produced by splitting water molecules

A

Oxygen

33
Q

Split in the first step of the light reaction of photosystem II to replenish the electron lost from p680

A

water

34
Q

The chlorophyll molecule in the center of photosystem II absorbs light energy at 700nM

A

p700

35
Q

Organelles found in photosynthesis organisms that are the sites of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

36
Q

Dark reaction in photosynthesis that converts CO2 into three-carbon sugars using ATP and NADPH generated in the light reaction

A

Calvin Cycle

37
Q

The order (from lowest energy to highest energy) of light in the visible light spectrum

A

ROYGBIV

38
Q

Electron flow that occurs only in photosystem I. Used to generate additional ATP needed for the Calvin Cycle.

A

Cyclic electron flow

39
Q

The complex of accessory pigments that transfers light energy to a central chlorophyll pigment

A

Antenna

40
Q

The number of ATPs required to produce one 3-carbon sugar in the dark reaction

A

9

41
Q

What event occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A

NADP is produced

42
Q

In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

A

the Thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane

43
Q

Reactions that require CO2 take place in

A

The Calvin cycle alone

44
Q

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

A

synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide

45
Q

Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?

A

release of oxygen

46
Q

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with

A

ATP and NADPH

47
Q

In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules?

A

harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll

48
Q

Reduction of oxygen to form water occurs during

A

respiration only

49
Q

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?

A

removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules

50
Q

In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from

A

the stroma to the thylakoid space.

51
Q

The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured, as have the pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find?

A

The pH within the thylakoid is less than that of the stroma.

BIO 101 (6 decks)

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