Chapter 13: Lower leg, ankle, and foot Flashcards
What are the active ranges of motion for the ankle/foot?
- Dorsiflexion: 0-20 degrees
- Plantar flexion: 0-50 degrees
- Inversion: 0-35 degrees
- Eversion: 0-15 degrees
What are the end feels for passive ranges of motion for the ankle/foot?
- Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion: tissue stretch
- Inversion/eversion: tissue stretch
What is the Anterior drawer test?
Tests for anterior talofibular ligament.
The patient lies supine with their foot relaxed. The examiner stabilizes the tibia abad fibula, holds the foot in 20 degrees of plantar flexion and draws the talus forward.
The test is positive if there is any pain or excessive movement.
What is the Heel thump test?
Tests for a possible fracture.
The patient sits with their legs hanging over the edge of the bed. With one hand stabilizing the leg the examiner uses the other to apply a firm thump on the heel with a fist.
The test is positive if there is any pain in the ankle.
What is the Squeeze test?
Tests for syndesmosis.
The patient lies supine while the examiner squeezes the tibia and fibula together.
The test is positive if there is any pain.
What is the Homans sign?
Tests for deep vein thrombophlebitis.
The examiner passively dorsiflexes the ankle with the knee extended.
The test is positive if there is any pain in the calf.
What is the Morton’s test?
Tests for a fracture or neuroma.
The examiner grasps the foot around the metatarsal heads and squeezes them together.
The test is positive if there is any pain.
What is the Thompson’s test?
Test the achilles tendon.
With the patient prone, squeeze the calf muscles.
The test is positive if there is an absence of plantar flexion.
What is the Tinel’s sign?
Tests the anterior tibial branch of the deep peroneal nerve and the posterior tibial nerve.
The examiner taps in front of the ankle (anterior tibial) or behind the medial malleolus (posterior tibial).
The test is positive if there is any tingling or paresthesia.
What is the Inversion test?
- Inversion/dorsiflexion tests the posterior talofibular ligament.
- Inversion/neutral position tests the calcaneofibular ligament.
- Inversion/plantar flexion tests the anterior talofibular and the calcaneofibular ligaments.
The tests are positive if there is any pain or excessive pain.
What is the Eversion test?
Eversion/neutral position tests the deltoid ligament.
The test is positive if there is any pain or excessive movement.
