Chapter 13: Legal and Ethical Issues

Question 1

anonymity

Answer 1

a researcher participant’s protection of identity in a study so that no one, not even the researcher, can link the subject with the information given

Question 2

assent

Answer 2

an aspect of informed consent that pertains to protecting the rights of children as research subjects

Question 3

beneficence

Answer 3

an obligation to act to benefit others and to maximize possible benefits

Question 4

confidentiality

Answer 4

assurance that a research participant’s identity cannot be linked to the information that was provided to the researcher

Question 5

ethics

Answer 5

the theory or discipline dealing with principles of moral values and moral conduct

Question 6

informed consent (consent)

Answer 6

an ethical principle that requires a researcher to obtain the voluntary participation of subjects after informing them of potential benefits and risks

Question 7

institutional review boards (IRBs)

Answer 7

boards established in agencies to review biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects within the agency or in programs sponsored by the agency

Question 8

justice

Answer 8

the principle that human subjects should be treated fairly

Question 9

respect for persons

Answer 9

the principle that people have the right to self-determination and to treatment as autonomous agents; that is, they have the freedom to participate or not participate in research

Question 10

risk/benefit ratio

Answer 10

the extent to which the benefits of the study are maximized and the risks are minimized such that the subjects are protected from harm during the study