Chapter 13 key terms

Question 1

Anticlericalism

Answer 1

Opposition to the clergy.

Question 2

Indulgence

Answer 2

A document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory, widely believed to bring forgiveness of all sins.

Question 3

Protestant

Answer 3

The name originally given to followers of Luther, which came to mean all non-Catholic Western Christian groups.

Question 4

Spanish Armada

Answer 4

The fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade against Protestantism. Weather and the English fleet defeated it.

Question 5

The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Answer 5

Calvin’s formulation of Christian doctrine, which became a systematic theology for Protestantism.

Question 6

Predestination

Answer 6

The teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works.

Question 7

Holy Office

Answer 7

The official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrinal heresy.

Question 8

Jesuits

Answer 8

Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was to spread the Roman Catholic faith.

Question 9

Huguenots

Answer 9

French Calvinists.

Question 10

Politiques

Answer 10

Catholic and Protestant moderates who held that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse.

Question 11

Edict of Nantes

Answer 11

A document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists, which helped restore peace to France.

Question 12

Union of Utrecht

Answer 12

The alliance of seven northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands.