Ch 22 key terms

Question 1

utilitarianism

Answer 1

The idea of Jeremy Bentham that social policies should promote the “greatest good for the greatest number.”

Question 2

labor aristocracy

Answer 2

The highly skilled workers, such as factory foremen and construction bosses, who made up about 15% of the working classes from about 1850 to 1914.

Question 3

sweated industries

Answer 3

Poorly paid handicraft production, often carried out by married women paid by the piece and working at home

Question 4

companionate marriage

Answer 4

Marriage based on romantic love and middle class family values that became increasingly dominant in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Question 5

seperate spheres

Answer 5

The nineteenth-century gendered division of labor and lifestyles that cast men as breadwinners nd women as homemakers.

Question 6

suffrage movement

Answer 6

A militant movement for women’s right to vote led by middle-class British women around 1900.

Question 7

thermodynamics

Answer 7

A branch of physics built on Newton’s laws of mechanics that investigated the relationship between heat and mechanical energy.

Question 8

Second Industrial Revolution

Answer 8

The burst of industrial creativity and technological innovation that promoted strong economic growth in the last third of the nineteenth century.

Question 9

evolution

Answer 9

The idea, applied by thinkers in many fields, that stresses gradual change and continuous adjustment.

Question 10

Social Darwinism

Answer 10

A body of thought drawn from the ideas of Charles Darwin that applied the theory of biological evolution to human affairs and saw the human race as driven by an unending economic struggle that would determine the survival of the fittest.

Question 11

realism

Answer 11

A literary movement in that, in contrast to romanticism, stressed the depiction of life as it actually was.