Chapter 13: IPv6 Flashcards
3 Benefits of IPv6
1) More IP addresses
2) Improved Security
3) More efficient routing scheme
How many bits does one hexadecimal character represent?
4
Rules for IPv6 address compression
1) Leading zeroes can be dropped (00CF becomes CF)
2) You can use a pair of colons (::) to represent a string of consecutive groups with a value of zero. However, only one double colon can be used per address
Link-Local Address
The address that a computer running IPv6 gives itself after first booting.
The first 64 bits of a link local address
FE80::/64
otherwise written as
FE80:0000:0000:0000
Name of the second 64 bits of an IPv6 address
Interface Identifier
How is the Interface Identifier determined?
Either by generating a random number or using the device’s MAC address to create a 64 bit number.
How long is an IPv6 address?
128 bits
Max length of an IPv6 subnet
64 bits
Unicast Address
A unique IP address that is exclusive to a single system
Multicast Addresses
A set of reserved addresses designed to go only to certain systems.
If an IPv6 system sends out a multicast to the address _______, only routers read the message while everyone else ignores it. (Router solicitation message)
FF02::2
Anycast
A method of addressing groups of computers as though they were a single computer. Routers send incoming packets to the closest of the computers in the group.
Global Unicast Address
A second IPv6 address that every system needs in order to get on the Internet.
Prefix Delegation
An IPv6 router configuration that enables it to request an IPv6 address block from an upstream source, then to disseminate it to local clients.
Aggregation
A router hierarchy in which every router underneath a higher router always uses a subnet of that router’s existing routes.
Where do the components of an IPv6 address come from?
48-bit prefix from the upstream router (ISP)
+
16-bit subnet from default gateway
+
64-bit number either generated randomly or from MAC address
Command to see if your system runs IPv6
Windows -> ipconfig
Linux/OS X -> ip addr
Stateful DHCP
A DHCPv6 server that works very similarly to an IPv4 DHCP server passing out IPv6 addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways, as well as optional items
Stateless DHCP
A DHCPv6 server that only passes out optional info. You should use this mode since aggregation built into IPv6 will take care of all the other shit.
4to6
A tunneling standard which allows you to encapsulate your IPv6 traffic into an IPv4 tunnel to get to an IPv6 capable router.
6to4
- The dominant IPv6 tunneling protocol
- Doesn’t require a tunnel broker
- Generally used to connect two routers because it normally requires a public IPv4 address.
6in4
An IPv6 tunneling protocol that can go through NAT
Teredo
A NAT-traversal IPv6 tunneling protocol, built into Windows
Miredo
An open source implementation of Teredo for Linux.
Intra-Site Automatic Tunneling Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)
An IPv6 tunneling protocol that add the IPv4 address to an IPv6 prefix.
Tunnel Broker
A service that creates the actual tunnel and offers a custom-made endpoint client for you to use.
The two protocols used to set up an IPv6 tunnel
1) Tunnel Setup Protocol (TSP)
2) Tunnel Information and Control Protocol (TIC)
Overlay Tunnel
Enables two IPv6 networks to connect over an existing IPv4 infrastructure.
Dual Stack
Both IPv4 and IPv6
Manual Tunnel
A simple point-to-point connection between two IPv6 networks
