Chapter 13- Introducing Acids And bases

Question 0

Most common acids

Answer 0

HCI - Present in stomach acid. Used as a cleaning agent for brickwork.
H2sO4 (Sulfuric acid) used in car batteries, to manufacture fertilizers and detergents
HNO3 Nitric acid- used in the manufacture of fertilizers, dyes and explosives
CH3COOH- Occurs in vinegar. Used as a perservative.
H2CO3 Carbonic acid- used in carbonated soft drinks and beers.
H3PO4 Phosphoric acid- Used in some soft drinks and the manufacture of fertilizers

Question 1

Properties of acid

Answer 1

• sour taste
• corrosive
• affect the colour of certain natural and synthetic dyes (they turn litmus from blue to red)
• are neutralized by bases
• have a relatively low pH
• are molecular in structure and will dissolve in water to produce an electrolyte.

Question 2

Which three acids are the most commonly used in the lab?

Answer 2

HCL, HNO3, H2SO4

Question 3

Acid rain

Answer 3

Acid contamination

- causes soils to become ‘sour’ and stunts plant growth.

Question 4

Properties of bases-

Answer 4

• bitter taste
• slippery feel
• turn litmus from red to blue
• have a relatively high pH
• are caustic
• react with acids
• are electrolytes (substances that conduct electricity)
• are usually insoluble in water

Question 5

A base that is soluble in water is called…

Answer 5

Alkali.

Question 6

Common bases are…

Answer 6

NaOH Soium hydroxide- used in drain and over cleaners
NH3 Ammonia- Used in household cleaners, fertilizers and explosives,
-Ca(OH)2 Calcium Hydroxide- Found in cement and mortar,

Question 7

The Lowry bro eyed theory defines acids and bases as follows

Answer 7

• an acid is a proton donator
• a base is a proctor acceptor
• acid base reaction thus involves proton transfer.

Question 8

What is an indicator?

Answer 8

A dye that is a weak acid or base, it has a different colour in acidic and basic solutions. Universal indicator is a commonly used indicator.