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Cell Biology > Chapter 13: Intracellular Vesicular Traffic > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Intracellular Vesicular Traffic Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Transport vesicle

A

General term for a membrane enclosed container that moves material between membrane enclosed compartments within the cell

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2
Q

Adaptor proteins

A

A protein that mediates binding between the clathrin coat and transmembrane proteins, including transmembrane cargo receptors

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3
Q

Dynamin

A

Cytosolic GTPase that binds to the neck of a clathrin coated vesicle and helps it to pinch off from the membrane

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4
Q

NSF

A

The protein that catalyzes the disassembly of the helical domains of paired SNARE proteins

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5
Q

Clathrin-coated vesicle

A

Coated vesicle that transports material from the plasma membrane and between endosomal and Golgi compartments

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6
Q

Arf protein

A

The coat recruitment GTPase responsible for both COPI coat assembly and clathrin coat assembly at Golgi membranes

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7
Q

Coated vesicle

A

General term for a transport vesicle that carries a distinctive cage of proteins covering its cytosolic surface

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8
Q

Sar1 protein

A

The coat recruitment GTPase responsible for COPII coat assembly at the ER membrane

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9
Q

Rab effector

A

Protein that facilitates vesicle transport, docking, and membrane fusion once it is bound by an activated Rab protein

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10
Q

Rab protein

A

Any of a large family of monomeric GTPases present in the plasma membrane and organelle membranes that confer specificity on vesicle docking.

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11
Q

SNARE

A

General term for a member of the large family of proteins that catalyze the membrane fusion reactions in membrane transport

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12
Q

Retromer

A

A multiproteinc omplex that assembles on endosomal membranes only when it can bind the cytoplasmic tail of a receptor in a curved membrane that has phosphorylated phosphoinositol lipid headgroups

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13
Q

Clathrin

A

Protein that assembles into a polyhedral cage on the cytosolic side of the membranes so as to form a clathrin coated pit, which buds off by endocytosis to form a clathrin coated vesicle

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14
Q

PIPs

A

(Phosphoinositides) Inositol phospholipids that are important in regulatory functions.

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15
Q

Coat recruitment GTPases

A

members of a family of monomeric GTPases, Typically found in high concentrations in the cytosol in the GDP form. Arf and Sar1 are examples.

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16
Q

v-SNAREs

A

Found on the vesicle membranes and bind to t SNAREs

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17
Q

t-SNAREs

A

Usually found on the target membrane and bind to v-SNAREs

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18
Q

COPI-coated vesicle

A

Bud from golgi compartments

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19
Q

COPII-coated vesicle

A

Bud from the ER

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20
Q

Cisternal maturation model

A

The hypothesis that new cisternae form continuously at the cis face of the Golgi and then migrate through the stack as they mature

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21
Q

cis-face

A

The side of the Golgi stack at which material enters the organelle

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22
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Membrane bound organelle in eucaryotic cells in which proteins and lipids transferred from the ER are modified and sorted

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23
Q

High mannose oligosaccharide

A

chain of sugars attached to a glycoprotein that contains many mannose residues

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24
Q

Trans golgi network

A

Meshwork of interconnected cisternae and tubules on the side of the golgi stack at which material is transferred out of the golgi

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25
Q

Proteoglycan

A

Molecule consisting of one or more glycosaminoglycan chains attached to a core protein

26
Q

Complex oligosaccharide

A

Chain of sugars attached to a glycoprotein that is generated by initially trimming the original oligosaccharide attached in the ER and by then adding other sugars

27
Q

Cis golgi network

A

Meshwork of interconnected cisternae and tubules on the side of the golgi stack at which material is transferred into the golgi

28
Q

trans face

A

The side of the Golgi stack at which material leaves the organelle

29
Q

O-linked glycosylation

A

Sugars are attached to a threonine or a serine side chain. The addition of the sugar is catalyzed by a glyosyl transferase and is added onto in the golgi apparatus.

30
Q

Vesicular transport model

A

Hypothesis in which the golgi apparatus is a relatively static structure, with its enzymes held in place, while the molecules in transit move through the cisternae in sequence.

31
Q

What are the two classes of N-linked oligosaccharides

A

Complex oligosaccharides and high-mannose oligosaccharides

32
Q

Autophagy

A

Digestion of obsolete parts of the cell by the cell’s own lysosome

33
Q

Vacuole

A

Very large fluid filled vesicle found in most plant and fungal cells, typically occupying more than 30% of the cell volume.

34
Q

Lysosome

A

Membrane bounded organelle in eucaryotic cells that contains digestive enzymes , which are typically most active at the acid pH found in the lumen.

35
Q

Acid hydrolyases

A

The hydrolytic enzymes in lysosomes that include nucleases, proteases, lipases, glycosidases, phosphatases, and sulfatases.

36
Q

M6P receptor proteins

A

Transmembrane proteins which are present in the TGN that recognize M6P groups. bind lysosomal hydrolases on the lumenal side of the membrane and to adaptor proteins in assembling clathrin coats on the cytosolic side. These are transported to the early endosomes.

37
Q

M6P groups

A

Added exclusively to N-linked oligosaccharides of soluble lysosomal enzymes as they pass through the cis Golgi network. Signal for lysosomal enzymes to go to the lysosome.

38
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Genetic defects that affect one or more of the lysosomal hydrolases that cause an accumulation of undigested substrates in lysosomes.

39
Q

Endocytosis

A

General term for the process by which cells take up macromolecules, particulate substances and even other cells into membrane bounded vesicles

40
Q

Multivesicular body

A

Complex vesicle with invaginating buds and internal vesicles involved in maturation of early endosomes into late endosomes

41
Q

Macrophage

A

Phagocytic cell, derived from a hematopoietic stem cell, that ingests invading microorganisms and plays an important role in scavenging senescent cells and apoptotic cells

42
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Type of endocytosis in which soluble materials are taken up from the environment and incorporated into vesicles for digestion

43
Q

Transcytosis

A

The uptake of material at one face of a cell by endocytosis , its transfer across a cell in vesicles and its discharge from another face by exocytosis

44
Q

Caveola

A

Invagination that forms from lipid rafts at the cell surface and buds off internally to form a pinocytotic vesicle

45
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis

A

Process by which macromolecules bind to complementary transmembrane receptor proteins, accumulate in coated pits and then enter the cells as receptor macromolecule complexes in clathrin coated vesicles

46
Q

Early endosome

A

Membrane bounded compartment just beneath the plasma membrane, to which external molecules are first delivered by endocytosis

47
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Specialized form of endocytosis in which a cell uses large endocytic vesicles to ingest large particles such as microorganisms and dead cells

48
Q

Caveolin

A

One of a family of structural proteins in caveloae that are unusual because they extend multiple hydrophobic loops into the membrane from the cytosolic side, but do not cross the membrane

49
Q

Clathrin coated pits

A

Region of plasma membrane of animal cells that is covered with the protein clathrin on its cytosolic face, it will bud off from the membrane to form an intracellular vesicle

50
Q

Late endosome

A

Membrane bounded compartment near the Golgi apparatus and near the nucleus.

51
Q

Transferrin receptor

A

Soluble protein that carries iron in the blood. Cell surface transfering receptors deliver transferrin with its bound iron to early endosomes.

52
Q

LDL

A

low density lipoproteins

53
Q

Recycling endosome

A

Large intracellular membrane bounded vesicle formed from a fragment of an endosome; an intermediate stage on the passage of recycled receptors back to the cell membrane

54
Q

Phagosome

A

Large intracellular membrane bounded vesicle that is formed as a result of phagocytosis. Contains ingested extracellular material

55
Q

Neutrophil

A

White blood cell that is specialized for the uptake of particulate material by phagocytosis. Enters tissues that become infected or inflamed.

56
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

Specialized class of tiny secretory vesicles that store neurotransmitter molecules

57
Q

Constitutive secretory pathway

A

Pathway for exocytosis that operates continuously in all cells

58
Q

Secretory vesicle

A

Membrane bounded organelle in which molecules destined to be exported are stored prior to release

59
Q

Exocytosis

A

Process involving fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane

60
Q

Regulated secretory pathway

A

Pathway for exocytosis that operates mainly in cells specialized for secreting products rapidly on demand

61
Q

Default pathway

A

Exocytosis that does not require a particular signal

62
Q

Immature secretory vesicle

A

Resemble dilated trans Golgi cisternae that have pinched off the golgi stack.

Cell Biology (5 decks)

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