Chapter 13: Infectious Disease

Question 1

what is the main cause of death?

Answer 1

infectious disease

Question 2

Antibiotic

Answer 2

chemical that works by killing or preventing bacteria growth.

Question 3

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 3

lessened sensibility to the effects of that antibiotic.

Question 4

Two factors that are believed to account for resistance

Answer 4

1) Frequency with which resistant genes arise naturally among bacteria, through mutation.
2) Extent of antibiotic use.

Question 5

Four leading causes of global infectious disease mortality:

Answer 5

1) Pneumonia: infection of lungs or lower respiratory tract. (viral or bacterial)
2) Diarrhea: kills about 1.5 million children/yr.
3) Tuberculosis: infectious bacteria in the lungs, worlds most common infectious disease.
4) Malaria: mosquito bites

Question 6

Fomites

Answer 6

Objects where bacteria can live.

Question 7

Infection

Answer 7

disease or condition caused by microorganism.

Question 8

Stages in infection

Answer 8

1) Incubation period(no symptoms)
2) Prodromal Period: vague sense of not well being
3) Invasive phase: full-brown illness
4) Acme: Peak of disease
5) Decline phase: symptoms brought under control
6) Convalescent period: body is repairing damage
7) Sequelae: remaining symptoms the body can’t repair.

Question 9

Chain of infection

Answer 9

Susceptible Host» Infectious agent» Reservoir»Portal of Exit» mode of transmission» Portal of entry» Susceptible host

Question 10

Risk Factors for infection

Answer 10

Controllable: Eating a balanced diet, Exercising, Managing stress properly, getting enough sleep, receiving vaccinations when available.
Uncontrollable: Age, undergoing surgical procedures, having chronic diseases, genetic predispositions, sociocultural issues, overcrowded living conditions, poverty.

Question 11

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)

Answer 11

• infection predominantly though sexual contact.

- Sexually transmitted infection(STI)

Question 12

Primary pathogens

Answer 12

viruses & Bacterial

Question 13

Infectious diseases on campus:

Answer 13

Pertussis(whooping cough): infection of the respiratory tract that is highly contagious.
Staphylococcus aureus skin infections: infection from a common bacterium carried on the skin or int he noses of healthy people.
Urinary tract infections: most common bacterial infection in women.

Question 14

Bile and enzymes:

Answer 14

break down pathogens in small intestines.

Question 15

Vagina is slightly acidic:

Answer 15

discouraging the growth of abnormal bacteria.

Question 16

Innate immune system:

Answer 16

part of the immune system designed to rapidly dispose of pathogens in a nonspecific manner.

Question 17

Acquired immune system:

Answer 17

part of the immune system that recognizes specific targets.

Question 18

Natural killer cells:

Answer 18

(Innate immune system). white blood cells that recognized and destroy virus infected cells or those that have become cancerous.

Question 19

Neutrophils and macrophages:

Answer 19

(Innate immune system). white blood cells that travel to areas of infection or tissue damage and digest damaged cells, foreign particles and bacteria.

Question 20

Lymphocycles

Answer 20

(Acquired immune system) white blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system.

Question 21

T cells:

Answer 21

(Acquired immune system). Type of lymphocyte that monitor events.

Question 22

Helper T cells:

Answer 22

“read” cells infection messages and trigger production of killer T cells and B cells.

Question 23

Suppressor T cells

Answer 23

Slow down and half the immune response when the threat has been handled.’

Question 24

Killer T cells

Answer 24

attack and kill foreign cells and infected body cells.

Question 25

B cells

Answer 25

Monitor the blood and tissue fluids

Question 26

Anthropometry

Answer 26

Human body measurement.

Question 27

Osteoporosis

Answer 27

Low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue which increases fracture risk.