Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology

Question 0

Inbreeding

Answer 0

Process in which two closely related organisms are bred to have the desired traits and to eliminate the undesired ones in future generations (p. 361)

Question 1

Selective Breeding

Answer 1

The process by which desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations (p. 360)

Question 2

Test Cross

Answer 2

Involves breeding an organism that has the unknown genotype with one that is homozygous recessive for the desired trait (p. 362)

Question 3

Genetic Engineering

Answer 3

Technology that involves manipulating the DNA of one organism in order to insert exogenous DNA (p. 363)

Question 4

Genome

Answer 4

The total DNA present in the nucleus of each cell (p. 364)

Question 5

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 5

An electric current used to separate the DNA fragments according to the size of fragments (p. 365)

Question 6

DNA Ligase

Answer 6

An enzyme normally used by cells in DNA repair and replication joins the two DNA fragments chemically (p. 366)

Question 7

Cloning

Answer 7

Process in which large numbers of identical bacteria each containing inserted DNA molecules produced (p. 367)

Question 8

Polymerase chain reaction

Answer 8

Technique used to make millions if copied if a specific region of a DNA fragment (p. 368)

Question 9

Transgenic Organisms

Answer 9

Organisms genetically engineered by inserting a gene from another organism (p. 370)