12.3 DNA, RNA and Protein

Question 1

RNA

Answer 1

contains the sugar ribose, the base uracil replaces thymine and usually is single stranded (336)

Question 2

Messanger RNA

Answer 2

long strands of RNA nucleotides that are formed complementary to one strand of DNA (336)

Question 3

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 3

type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm (336)

Question 4

Transfer RNA

Answer 4

smaller segments of RNA nucleotides that transport amino acids to the ribosome (336)

Question 5

Transcription

Answer 5

first step of the central dogma involves the synthesis of mRNA from DNA (337)

Question 6

RNA Polymerase

Answer 6

an enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis (337)

Question 7

Intron

Answer 7

sequences called intervening sequences (337)

Question 8

Exon

Answer 8

coding sequences that remain in the final mRNA (337)

Question 9

Translation

Answer 9

process in which code is read and translated to make a protein (338)

Question 10

Codon

Answer 10

three-base code in DNA or mRNA (338)

Question 11

Gene Regulation

Answer 11

the ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment (342)

Question 12

Mutation

Answer 12

permanent change in a cell’s DNA (345)

Question 13

Mutagens

Answer 13

substances which cause mutations (348)