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Human Form & Function > Chapter 13: Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Meninges

A

-C.T. membrane that covers & protects CNS, and protects blood vessels

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2
Q

Meninges: Dura Mater

A
  • Leathery, strong meninx of 2 fibrous C.T. layers.

- Layers separate and form Dural sinuses.

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3
Q

Meninges: Arachnoid Mater

A
  • Middle meninx which forms a loose brain covering.
  • Separates Dura Mater by subdural space.
  • Arachnoid villi protrude superiorly and allow CSF to be absorbed into venous blood.
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4
Q

Meninges: Pia Mater

A
  • Deep meninx of delicate C.T. that clings to the brain.

- In spinal cord, comprises the denticulate ligaments & the Filum terminale.

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5
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • Responsible for the sensory & neural functions

- Initiation & coordination of voluntary movement.

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6
Q

Gyri

A

-Ridges of hemispheres

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7
Q

Sulci

A

-Shallow grooves

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8
Q

Fissure

A

-Deep grooves

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9
Q

Insula

A

-Deep to Frontal Lobe

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10
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

-Connects left & right sides of the brain allowing communication

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11
Q

Broca’s Area

A
  • Left Hemisphere (typically)

- Motor speech area that directs muscles of the tongue

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12
Q

Choroid Plexus

A
  • Clusters of capillaries that form tissue fluid filters
  • Have ion pumps that allow them to alter ion concentrations of CSF
  • Help cleanse CSF by removing wastes
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13
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

-Separates left & right hemispheres

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14
Q

Lateral Ventricles

A
  • “Horns”
  • Communicating network w/in parenchyma
  • Home to Choroid Plexuses
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15
Q

Interventricular Foramen

A
  • Channels that connect the lateral ventricles

- Connects to third ventricle

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16
Q

Third Ventricle

A

-Contains neurons and fibers that connect the two thalami

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17
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

-Connects 3rd & 4th ventricles

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18
Q

Fourth Ventricle

A
  • Located in Pons or in upper part of Medulla

- Connects 3rd & 4th

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19
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A
  • Site of Primary Motor Cortex

- Located in Frontal Lobe

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20
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A
  • Primary Somatosensory Cortex (mainly sense of touch)

- Located in Parietal Lobe

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21
Q

Central Sulcus/ Central Fissure

A

-Separates Parietal & Frontal lobes

22
Q

Wernike’s Area

A
  • Comprehension of language

- Located in temporal lobe

23
Q

Basal Nuclei

A
  • Found on both sides of Thalamus
  • Responsible for voluntary motor control, learning, & eye movement
  • Cognitive & Emotional functions
24
Q

Diencephalon

A

-Includes Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Epithalamus, & Subthalamus

25
Q

Thalamus

A
  • Center for pain perception
  • Both sides of 3rd ventricle
  • b/w cerebral cortex & midbrain
26
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Coordinates autonomic nervous system
  • Controls homeostatic systems
  • Production of hormones
27
Q

Mammillary Bodies

A
  • Primary relays for impulses that travel through the brain

- Important for forming & recalling memories

28
Q

Infundibulum

A
  • “pituitary stalk”

- Gray matter connecting hypothalamus & posterior pituitary

29
Q

Epithalamus

A
  • Most dorsal portion of Dienchephalon

- Forms roof of 3rd ventricle

30
Q

Pineal Gland

A

-Secretes Melatonin

31
Q

Brain Stem

A
  • Midbrain, Pons, & Medulla Oblongota
  • Contains embedded nuclei
  • Controls automatic behaviors
32
Q

Midbrain

A
  • Relays motor impulses from the cerebral cortex to pons & sensory impulses from spinal cord to the thalamus
  • Control of movements
33
Q

Midbrain

A

-Relays motor impulses from the cerebral cortex to pons & sensory impulses from spinal cord to the thalamus

34
Q

Cerebral Peduncles

A

-Two bulging structures that contain descending pyramidal motor tracts

35
Q

Corpora Quadridgemina

A
  • Superior Colliculi: Visual reflex centers

- Inferior Colliculi: Auditory relay centers

36
Q

Pons

A
  • Relays impulses b/w cerebral cortex & cerebellum

- B/w Medulla & Midbrain

37
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A
  • Most inferior part of Brain Stem

- Relays motor & sensory impulses b/w other parts of the brain & the spinal cord

38
Q

Decussation of the pyramids

A

-Crossover points of the Corticospinal tracts

39
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Dorsal to Pons & Medulla
  • Under Occipital Lobe
  • Receives impulses to initiate voluntary muscle contraction
  • Language & problem solving
40
Q

Arbor Vitae

A

-Treelike pattern of cerebellar white matter

41
Q

Folia

A

-Transversely oriented gyri

42
Q

Gray Matter

A
  • Organized into horns which are actually nuclei

- Collections of neuron cell bodies & their unmyelinated processes in the CNS

43
Q

White Matter

A
  • Collections of axons in CNS
  • Ascending (sensory) tracts
  • Descending (motor) tracts
44
Q

Posterior Horns (Gray Matter)

A

-Cell bodies of interneurons

45
Q

Anterior Horns (Gray Matter)

A

-Cell bodies of interneurons & somatic motor neurons

46
Q

Lateral Horns (Gray Matter)

A

-Contain autonomic motor neuron cell bodies

47
Q

Conus Medullaris (Spinal Cord)

A

-Terminal portion of the spinal cord

48
Q

Filum Terminale (Spinal Cord)

A
  • Fibrous extension of the Pia Mater

- Anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

49
Q

Denticulate Ligaments (Spinal Cord)

A
  • Delicate shelves of Pia Mater

- Attach the spinal cord to the vertebrae

50
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

-31 pairs attach to the cord by paired roots

51
Q

Cauda Equina (Spinal Cord)

A

-Collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal

Human Form & Function (2 decks)

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