Chapter 13 - Blood System

Question 1

What is blood composed of?

Answer 1

 Cells and plasma. Cells are 45% and the plasma is 55%.

Question 2

Name three types of blood cells

Answer 2

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

Question 3

Another name for red blood cells

Answer 3

Erythrocytes

Question 4

Another name for white blood cells

Answer 4

Leukocytes

Question 5

Another name for platelets

Answer 5

Thrombocytes

Question 6

What does plasma consist of?

Answer 6

Water, proteins, sugar, salt, hormones, lipids, and vitamins

Question 7

What colour is plasma?

Answer 7

Straw-coloured

Question 8

Where do blood cells originate?

Answer 8

The marrow cavity of bones

Question 9

What is Albumin?

Answer 9

Major protein in blood. Maintains the proper amount of water in the blood. 

Question 10

What is Antibody?

Answer 10

Specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it

Question 11

What is antigen?

Answer 11

Foreign substance or toxin that stimulates the production of an antibody 

Question 12

What is Basophil?

Answer 12

White blood cell containing granules that stain blue associated with the release of histamine and heparin

Question 13

What is bilirubin? 

Answer 13

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of haemoglobin when the red blood cells are destroyed 

Question 14

What is coagulation?

Answer 14

 Blood clotting

Question 15

What is colony stimulating factor? CSF

Answer 15

Protein factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of developing blood cells. Examples are granulocyte CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin

Question 16

What is differentiation?

Answer 16

Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

Question 17

What is electrophoresis ?

Answer 17

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge and size

Question 18

What is eosinophil?

Answer 18

White blood cells containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions

Question 19

What is erythroblast?

Answer 19

Immature, red blood cell

Question 20

What is erythropoietin? EPO

Answer 20

Hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation

Question 21

What is fibrin?

Answer 21

Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

Question 22

What is fibrinogen?

Answer 22

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

Question 23

What is a globulin?

Answer 23

Plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma(immune) globulins are examples

Question 24

What is granulocyte?

Answer 24

White blood cell with cytoplasmic granules : eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil 

Question 25

What is haematopoietic stem cell?

Answer 25

Cell in the bone marrow that give the rise to all types of blood cells

Question 26

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 26

Blood proteins containing iron: carries oxygen in red blood cells

Question 27

What is heparin?

Answer 27

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

Question 28

What is immune reaction?

Answer 28

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion

Question 29

What is immunoglobulin?

Answer 29

Protein (a globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD.

Question 30

Immun/o

Answer 30

Protection

Question 31

What is a lymphocyte?

Answer 31

Mononuclear leukocyte  that produces antibodies to fight disease

Question 32

What is macrophage?

Answer 32

Monocyte that migrate from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris. In the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells and also engulf bacteria, and other harmful organisms

Question 33

What is megakaryocyte?

Answer 33

Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

Question 34

What is monocyte?

Answer 34

Leukocyte was one large nucleus. It is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. Monocytes become macro phages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues

Question 35

What is mononuclear?

Answer 35

Pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes

Question 36

What is myeloblast?

Answer 36

Immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocytes

Question 37

What is neutrophil?

Answer 37

Granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. It is a sago psychic tissue-fighting cell. Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte.

Question 38

What is plasma?

Answer 38

Liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, wastes, lipids, hormones, and vitamins

Question 39

What is plasmapheresis?

Answer 39

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood.  Collected cells are retransfused back  into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.

Question 40

What is platelet?

Answer 40

Small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process