Chapter 13 - Blood System Flashcards
What is blood composed of?
 Cells and plasma. Cells are 45% and the plasma is 55%.
Name three types of blood cells
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
Another name for red blood cells
Erythrocytes
Another name for white blood cells
Leukocytes
Another name for platelets
Thrombocytes
What does plasma consist of?
Water, proteins, sugar, salt, hormones, lipids, and vitamins
What colour is plasma?
Straw-coloured
Where do blood cells originate?
The marrow cavity of bones
What is Albumin?
Major protein in blood. Maintains the proper amount of water in the blood. 
What is Antibody?
Specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it
What is antigen?
Foreign substance or toxin that stimulates the production of an antibody 
What is Basophil?
White blood cell containing granules that stain blue associated with the release of histamine and heparin
What is bilirubin? 
Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of haemoglobin when the red blood cells are destroyed 
What is coagulation?
 Blood clotting
What is colony stimulating factor? CSF
Protein factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of developing blood cells. Examples are granulocyte CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin
What is differentiation?
Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization
What is electrophoresis ?
Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge and size
What is eosinophil?
White blood cells containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions
What is erythroblast?
Immature, red blood cell
What is erythropoietin? EPO
Hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation
What is fibrin?
Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot
What is fibrinogen?
Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
What is a globulin?
Plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma(immune) globulins are examples
What is granulocyte?
White blood cell with cytoplasmic granules : eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil 
What is haematopoietic stem cell?
Cell in the bone marrow that give the rise to all types of blood cells
What is hemoglobin?
Blood proteins containing iron: carries oxygen in red blood cells
What is heparin?
Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells
What is immune reaction?
Response of the immune system to foreign invasion
What is immunoglobulin?
Protein (a globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD.
Immun/o
Protection
What is a lymphocyte?
Mononuclear leukocyte  that produces antibodies to fight disease
What is macrophage?
Monocyte that migrate from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris. In the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells and also engulf bacteria, and other harmful organisms
What is megakaryocyte?
Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow
What is monocyte?
Leukocyte was one large nucleus. It is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. Monocytes become macro phages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues
What is mononuclear?
Pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes
What is myeloblast?
Immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocytes
What is neutrophil?
Granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. It is a sago psychic tissue-fighting cell. Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte.
What is plasma?
Liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, wastes, lipids, hormones, and vitamins
What is plasmapheresis?
Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood.  Collected cells are retransfused back  into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.
What is platelet?
Small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process
