Chapter 13 Blood, heart, circulation Flashcards
Circulatory system can be divided into _______, ______, ___________
transportation, regulation, protection.
Transportation includes ____, ____, _____
Respiratory, Nutritive, Excretory
Respiratory of transportation includes
Red blood cells (erythyrocytes), transport oxygen to the cells.
Lub sound (1st) is produced by
closing of AV valves
Dub (2nd) sound is produced by
closing of semilunar valves
Myocardiac cells have RMP of
-90mv
P waves are caused by
atrial depolarization
QRS complex is caused by
ventricular depolarization
T wave results from
ventricular repolarization
Heart rate <60 beats per min is
bradycardia
Heart rate >100 beats per min is
tachycardia
In flutter, contraction rates can be
200-300 bpm
In fibrillation,
contraction of myocardial cells is uncoordinated and pumping ineffective
Ventricular fibrillation is
life threatening
Electrical defibrillation..
resynchronizes heart by depolarizing all cells at same time
At rest, the heart of an adult pumps about
5 liters of blood per minute
Fluid derived from plasma that passes out of the capillary walls into the surrounding tissues is called
interstitial fluid
Lymph node _____ the lymph prior to its return to the venous blood
cleanse
Formed elements make up ___ of total blood volume
45%
Hematocrit is __ to ___ in women
36%-46%
Hematocrit is _____ to ____ in men
41%-53%
Major solute of plasma is
Na+ (Sodium)
3 types of plasma proteins are
Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen
Albumin are the most _____ accounting for (____ to _____ )
abundant, 60%-80%
Albumin action is
needed to maintain blood volume and pressure
Globulins are categorized into
Alpha, Beta, Gamma globulins
Alpha & Beta globulin purpose
to transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
Gamma globulins are
antibodies produced by lymphocytes, function in immunity
Fibrinogen is important
in clotting and is produced by the liver
Difference between serum and plasma is
plasma contains clotting factor, fibrinogen
A cubic millimeter of blood contains _________ erythrocytes in males
5.1-5.8 million
A cubic millimeter of blood contains ______ erythrocytes in females
4.3-5.2 million
A cubic millimeter of blood contains _____ leukocytes in males/females
5,000-9,000
RBC’s have a life span of and are removed by _____ cells in the _____, _____, _____
120 days , phagocytic cells, liver, spleen, bone marrow
Each erythrocyte contains _____ million hemoglobin molecules
280 million
How many RBC’s are produced daily?
200 billion
Which are the 3 granular leukocytes?
Eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils
Eosinophils have a ____ stain
pink
Basophils have a _____ stain
blue
Neutrophils account for _____ of leukocytes
50-70%
Two types of agranular leukocytes
Lymphocytes, Monocytes
Platelet count per cubic millimeter of blood ranges from _______
130,000 to 400,000
Platelets play an important role in
blood clotting, release serotonin (chemical that stimulates constriction of blood vessels (vasoconstriction)-reducing the flow of blood to injured area)
Neutrophil abundance/function
54-62%, phagocytic
Eosinophil abundance/function
1-3%, secrete antihistamines, helps detoxify foregin substances, secretes enzymes that dissolves clots, fights parasitic infections
Basophil abundance/function
less than 1%, releases anticoagulant heparin, histamine (attract wbc’s), intensify inflammation, (allergies)
Monocyte abundace/function
3-9%, phagocytic
Lymphocyte abundace/function
25-33%, provides specific immune response (antibodies)
Erythropoiesis is and stimulated by
formation of RBCs, stimulated by ertyropoietin by kidneys
Leukopoiesis is and stimulated by
formation of WBC’s, stimulated by cytokines