Chapter 13 Biology

Question 1

Steps for Gene Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 1

1. Isolate the desired gene.
2. Insert the gene into a viral vector.
3. Introduce recombinant virus into patient.
4. Healthy copy of the gene produces needed protein.

Question 2

Human stem cells can be used to replace damaged or injured cells from?

Answer 2

• Burns
• Strokes
• spinal cord injury
• Parkinson’s disease
• Diabetes
• leukemia

Question 3

What are stem cells grown in?

Answer 3

tissue culture

Question 4

Is there a low success rate with animal cloning?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

Dolly the Sheep was the only success out of ___ tries.

Answer 5

277

Question 6

What is human cell cloning used for?

Answer 6

to produce stem cells and tissues

Question 7

What did Dolly the sheep have?

Answer 7

premature aging

Question 8

Where is the cloned egg placed?

Answer 8

a female uterus until birth

Question 9

What is the offspring DNA identical to for cloned animals?

Answer 9

the DNA of the nucleus donor

Question 10

What is animal cloning done by?

Answer 10

Nuclear Transfer

Question 11

Nuclear Transfer

Answer 11

a nucleus(2N) is inserted into an empty egg cell

Question 12

What does cell cloning produce?

Answer 12

exact copies of the parent

Question 13

What can bacteria produce?

Answer 13

human proteins such as insulin and growth hormone

Question 14

GM

Answer 14

genetically modified

Question 15

What are transgenic cells called?

Answer 15

Genetically Modified (GM)

Question 16

How is GM used in plants?

Answer 16

• Improved crops with added vitamins or insect resistance.
• Golden rice was genetically modified.
• DNA for Vitamin A was inserted.

Question 17

What does a transgenic organism have?

Answer 17

DNA from another source

Question 18

What does recombinant DNA have codes from?

Answer 18

another organism

Question 19

Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)

Answer 19

• Heat is used to separate DNA strands.
• Enzymes are used to add nucleotides in a PCR machine.
• Millions of copies of DNA can be made.

Question 20

Steps for Transformation creates transgenic organisms

Answer 20

1. Cells take in DNA from a foreign organism
2. The organism integrates the foreign DNA into one of its chromosomes.
3. The foreign trait is expressed.

Question 21

vector

Answer 21

may be used to carry DNA into cells

Question 22

What are examples of biological vectors?

Answer 22

• bacteria

- viruses

Question 23

What are examples of mechanical vectors?

Answer 23

• Micropipette

- Gene gun with DNA coated bullets

Question 24

What are examples of mechanical vectors?

Answer 24

• Micropipette

- Gene gun with DNA coated bullets

Question 25

What do bacterial cells contain?

Answer 25

plasmids and are easy to use

Question 26

plasmids

Answer 26

circular bacterial DNA that are used to form recombinant DNA

Question 27

recombinant DNA

Answer 27

- Forms when two types of DNA are joined - DNA is “re-combined” - This DNA can be inserted into an organism

Question 28

What are the sticky ends combined with?

Answer 28

the complimentary sticky ends from different DNA cut with the same enzyme

Question 29

restriction enzyme

Answer 29

Enzymes that cut DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds “cleaving” between specific sequences

Question 30

What is an example of restriction enzyme?

Answer 30

between A-C

Question 31

What can be used to cut DNA?

Answer 31

restriction enzymes

Question 32

genetic engineering

Answer 32

mainly involves the creation of recombinant DNA, which is then inserted into the genetic material of a cell or virus