Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Chapter 13- ANS > Flashcards

Chapter 13- ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Basic functions of the nervous system

A
  • balance
  • survival
  • control
  • pleasure and enjoyment
  • cognitive ability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Divisions of peripheral nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sympathetic division

A
  • fight or flight
  • heart rate and blood pressure increase
  • more blood goes to skeletal muscles
  • liver produces more glucose
  • bronchi dilate=more air into lungs
  • pupils dilate=better vision
  • ADRENERGIC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Parasympathetic division

A
  • nonstressful conditions
  • rest and digest response
  • heart rate and blood pressure decline
  • bronchi constrict
  • CHOLINERGIC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

explain process of synaptic transmission
AND
The neurotransmitters important to the autonomic nervous system

A

DRAW IT ON PAPER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the response when a drug activates alpha-1&2 receptors?

A
  • arteriole constriction
  • pupil dilation
  • GI smooth muscle relaxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the response when beta 1 receptors are activated?

A
  • increased heart rate and force of contraction

- release of renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the response when beta 2 receptors are activated?

A
  • bronchodilation
  • arteriole constriction
  • glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Therapeutic uses of adrenergic drugs

A
  • bronchospasms
  • asthma
  • nasal and sinus congestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contraindications for ADRENERGIC agents

A
  • narrow angle glaucoma

- heart disease,CAD, arrhythmias, CHF, peripheral vascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of ADRENERGIC drugs

A
  • epinephrine/norepinephrine
  • phenylphrine
  • dopamine
  • albuterol
  • sudafed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ADRENERGIC agents mechanism of action

A
  • mimic SNS
  • work directly or indirectly or both via receptor sites and neurotransmitters
  • generally the emergency medication (to maintain life during a crisis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adverse effects of ADRENERGIC agents

A
  • nervousness
  • dysrhythmias
  • hypertension
  • cardiac ischemia
  • elevated glucose levels
  • pupil dilation
  • tissue necrosis
  • headache, insomnia
  • GI and bladder involvement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Responses that occur when drugs activate nicotinic receptor

A
  • Stimulation of smooth muscle and gland secretions

- brain (memory learning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Responses that occur when drugs activate muscarinic receptors

A
  • Decreased heart rate and force of contraction

- stimulation of smooth muscle and gland secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Classification and naming of autonomic drugs based on 4 possible actions

A
  1. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system- these drugs are ADRENERGIC agents or sympathomimetics (produce fight or flight response)
  2. Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system- ADRENERGIC blocking agents or adrenergic antagonists; opposite effects of sympathomimetics
  3. Stimulation of parasympathetic nervous system- CHOLINERGIC agents or parasympathomimetics; produce rest and digest response
  4. Inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system- cholinergic BLOCKING agents or anticholinergics; produce effects opposite of cholinergic agents
17
Q

Adrenergic agents nursing implications

A
  • mostly given as IV drip, NOT push
  • infiltration can be serious
  • titration necessary
  • monitor BP, heart rate and anginal pain
  • teach patients with CAD to watch OTC meds
18
Q

adrenergic ANTAGONIST action

A
  • blocks epi and norepinephrine at receptor sites
  • not generally found in body
  • they are called adrenergic blockers or sympatholytic agents
19
Q

Therapeutic uses of adrenergic antagonists

A
  • treat cardiac conditions- hypertension (alpha and beta1&2); tachycardia (beta 1); congestive heart disease (beta 1); angina (beta 1)
  • pupil constriction (beta)
  • increase peripheral blood flow (alpha, beta 2)
  • BPH (alpha)
  • migraine headache (alpha)
20
Q

Adrenergic antagonist medications

A
  • ANTENOLOL- hypertension, AMI, arrhythmia

- Inderal (migraines)

21
Q

Contraindications of adrenergic antagonists

A
  • ischemic heart disease
  • hypotension
  • asthma
  • diabetes
  • some dysrhythmias
22
Q

Adverse reactions of adrenergic antagonists

A
  • hypotension
  • bradycardia
  • bronchoconstriction
  • hypoglycemia
  • fatigue/weakness
  • GI upset (increased motility)
23
Q

Nursing implications and teaching for adrenergic antagonists

A
  • do not discontinue abruptly
  • monitor for orthostatic hypotension (changes positions slowly)
  • avoid alcohol, sedatives
  • watch BP, HR, RR, until med dose and effects are stable
  • evenly dose around the clock
  • report GI or sexual adverse effects
  • report breathing difficulties
24
Q

CHOLINERGIC agents action

A
  • parasympathetic response
  • receptor sites include muscarinic and nicotinic
  • direct action- stimulates muscarinic receptor sites (cholinergic agonist)
  • indirect action- prevents Ach degradation at synapses (cholinesterase inhibitor)
25
Q

Therapeutic uses of cholinergic agents

A
  • direct acting- urinary retention; GI tract symptoms
  • indirect acting- restore skeletal muscle function; treatment and diagnosis of myasthenia gravis; differentiates between myasthenia and cholinergic crisis
  • slowing of Alzheimer’s disease
26
Q

Cholinergic meds

A
  • bethanechol (urinary retention)
  • metoclopramide (raglan) (GI motility)
  • edrophonium chloride (tensilon) (diagnose myasthenia gravis)
27
Q

drug interactions of cholinergic agents

A

-atropine is the antidote for cholinergic overdose

28
Q

Adverse effects of cholinergic agents

A
  • sedation and drowsiness
  • hypotension with tachycardia
  • excessive salivation
  • GI symptoms, diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain
  • life threatening pulmonary effects
29
Q

Nursing implication/teaching for cholinergic agents

A
  • when treating GI symptoms, give 30 min before meal
  • watch for cholinergic overdose
  • have atropine at bedside when doing tensilon test
  • watch for respiratory complications (report any to MD)
  • tolerance to cholinesterase inhibitor can occur
30
Q

ANTIcholinergics action

A
  • parasympatholytic, anti muscarinic agents
  • mimic sympathetic effects
  • blocks Ach at muscarinic receptors
31
Q

Therapeutic uses for anticholinergics

A
  • dry up secretions
  • decrease motility (GI and GU)
  • dilation of pupils
  • Parkinson’s disease symptom control
  • treat bronchospasms
  • treat cholinergic crisis
32
Q

Adverse effects of anticholinergics

A
  • dryness (mouth, eyes)
  • decreases GI&GU motility
  • hypertension
  • drowsiness
  • nervousness
  • blurred vision
  • palpitations
  • confusion
33
Q

Nursing implications/teaching for anticholinergics

A
  • give antacids one hour between anticholinergics
  • provide oral care
  • watch for sedative reaction
  • watch for urinary retention&constipation
  • know how to properly give atropine

Pharmacology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions