chapter 13: Acids and Bases Flashcards
what are some descriptions of an acid
- sour taste
- ability to dissolve metals
what are some descriptions of a base
- bitter taste
- slippery to the touch
what are some common acids?
- HCL (hydrochloric acid)
- H2SO4(sulfuric acid)
- HNO3(nitric acid)
- HC2H3O2 ( acetic acid)
- H3C6H5O7(citric acid)
what are some common bases?
NaOH (sodium hydroxide) KOH ( potassium hydroxide) Sodium Bicarbonate( NaHCO3) Sodium Carbonate(Na2CO3) Ammonia (NH3)
who developed the Arrhenius theory?
swedish chemist svante arrhenius
what was the Arrhenius theory?
acids are substances that increase the concentration of H+ when added to water
- bases increase concentration of OH- when dissolved in water
what is the neutralization reaction in the Arrhenius Acid-Base reaction
solution of acid and solution of base are mixed
what does the neutralization of an acid and metal hydroxide produce
H2O + OH (hydroxide and water)
what is an example of a neutralization reaction?
HCL(aq) + NaOH = H2O + NaCl
who developed the bronsted lowry theory?
danish chemist: bronsted
English chemist lowry
what was the Bronsted Lowry theory?
-acids are proton donors (Removeable H+)
-bases are proton acceptors
pair of nonbonding electrons
which acid-base theory do we use/ rely on
bronsted and lowry
what is an amphoteric substance
can act as either an acid or a base
what is a common example of a amphoteric substance
hydronium
what is the hydronium ion
H+ ions are so reactive that they can’t be in water
- small positive charged particles interacts with the nonbonding electron
what is an H+ ion
proton with no valence electron
what are some interchangeable terms
H+ and H3O+
which acid-base theory allows for reversible reactions
bronsted and lowry
how do bronsted and lowry reversible reactions work
- original base has an extra H+ after the reaction
- original acid has a lone pair (acts as base in reverse process)
what does conjugate mean
come together
what is a conjugate base
formed by removing a proton from acid
what is a conjugate acid
formed by adding a proton
what are some common strong bases
- sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- hydrochloric acid (HCL)
- hydrobromic acid( HBr)
- Perchloric acid ( HCLO4)
- chloric acid (HCLO3)
- Nitric acid(HNO3)
what is monoprotic
acids with only one ionizable hydrogen