Chapter 13

Question 1

Craniofacial complex allows us to what?

Answer 1

communicate with he world (hear, taste, speak, see, etc.)

Question 2

Cranium is composed of what?

Answer 2

• Dentition
• Oral tissues
• Bones of the face

Question 3

When is the critical period?

Answer 3

time during which the environment has the greatest impact on the developing embryo.

Question 4

Degree of nourishment matters during what?

Answer 4

Fetal development, pre eruption of permanent teeth, and post eruption of permanent teeth.

Question 5

When does primary teeth mineralization begin?

Answer 5

In early second trimester

Question 6

Crowns of primary teeth are completely formed by when?

Answer 6

Birth

Question 7

Crowns of permanent teeth completely formed by when?

Answer 7

Age 1

Question 8

Presence or lack of nutrients can make the difference between what?

Answer 8

high-functioning salivary glands and deficient size and function of salivary glands.

Question 9

Saliva plays a critical role later in life because of what?

Answer 9

Prevention of caries

Question 10

Presence or lack of nutrients can make the difference between what?

Answer 10

Healthy periodontal tissues that are resistant to bacterial invasion and those that form periodontal pockets.

Question 11

Vitamin A

Answer 11

-Synthesizes epithelial tissues

Question 12

Vitamin A Preeruption

Answer 12

• Assists in formation of salivary glands, enamel, and dentin.
• Deficiency may contribute to cleft lip and palate.

Question 13

Vitamin A Posteruptive

Answer 13

• Maintains epithelial tissues and keeps salivary glands working
• Maintains integrity of sulcular epithelium
• Deficiency may cause glands to atrophy and keratinize periodontal tissues

Question 14

Vitamin K

Answer 14

• Aids with blood clotting time

- Deficiency could cause prolonged clotting time

Question 15

Vitamin C

Answer 15

Helps with formation of collagen

Question 16

Vitamin C Pre-eruption

Answer 16

• Helps with formation of bone and teeth and formation of all connective tissue.
• Deficiency causes irregular formation of dentin.

Question 17

Vitamin C Post-eruptive

Answer 17

• Helps with formation of collagen, wound healing, and formation of connective tissue.
• Deficiency causes enlarged, bluish-red tissues (scurvy).

Question 18

B-Complex Vitamins

Answer 18

• Work as coenzymes that work together to maintain healthy oral tissues.
• Supports healthy immune system.

Question 19

B1

Answer 19

Deficiency of B1 causes increase in tissue sensitivity, burning tongue, and loss of taste.

Question 20

B3

Answer 20

Deficiency of B3 causes red, swollen tongue, painful eating, and swallowing.

Question 21

B2

Answer 21

Deficiency of B2 causes inflamed tongue, angular chelosis, greasy, red, and scaly lesions around nose

Question 22

B12

Answer 22

Deficiency in B12 causes bright, smooth, and burning tongue.

Question 23

B9

Answer 23

Deficiency in folacin causes burning tongue, angular chelosis, gingivitis, and frequent oral lesions.

Question 24

Calcium and Phosphorus

Answer 24

Calcify hard tissues

Question 25

Calcium and Phosphorus Preeruption

Answer 25

- Mineralize enamel, cementum, and bone. | - Deficiency causes hypocalcification of enamel

Question 26

Calcium and Phosphorus Posteruptive

Answer 26

- Remineralize hard tissues -and maintain bone. | - Deficiency causes bone loss.

Question 27

Fluoride

Answer 27

-Critical growth period during age range of 6 months to 2½ years when permanent teeth are developing.

Question 28

Fluoride Preeruption

Answer 28

Incorporated into developing tooth to add strength

Question 29

Fluoride Post-eruptive

Answer 29

- Continues to protect against dental caries. | - Too much fluoride preeruptively causes dental fluorosis.

Question 30

Deficiency of Fluoride

Answer 30

calcified structures are weak, porous, and open for attack by acid destruction

Question 31

Iron

Answer 31

- Synthesizes hemoglobin - Deficiency causes: - ->Glossitis - ->Dysphagia - ->Atrophied lingual papilla - ->Gray mucous membranes - ->Angular cheilitis

Question 32

Zinc

Answer 32

- Helps with wound healing - Deficiency causes: - ->Delay in wound healing - ->Thickening of epithelium of tongue - ->Decrease in sensation of taste

Question 33

Protein

Answer 33

Repairs and maintains all tissues

Question 34

Protein preeruptive

Answer 34

- Assists with formation of maxilla, mandibular, and periodontal tissues. - Deficiency causes crowded and rotated teeth.

Question 35

Protein Post-eruptive

Answer 35

- Repairs all tissues and forms antibodies. | - Deficiency slows tissue healing and causes degeneration of periodontal connective tissue.

Question 36

Environmental Influences on Tooth Development

Answer 36

- High blood levels of lead are associated with increased incidence of tooth caries. - Cotinine, by-product of nicotine, has a direct relationship with dental caries in children exposed to second-hand smoke. - Tetracycline causes permanent intrinsic tooth staining if ingested during tooth development. - High levels of naturally occurring fluoride can cause unsightly dental fluorosis.