Chapter 13

Question 1

The atmosphere

Answer 1

Contains
78% Nitrogen
21% Oxegyn
1% Argon and also...
0.04% carbon dioxide and water vapour

Question 2

Reduction of CO2 by formation of deposits

Answer 2

COAL: Plants absorb CO2 - Die and decay - Compress to form coal.
OIL & NATURAL GAS: Plankton absorbed CO2 - Die and deposited in muds on sea floor - Compressed over millions of years.
LIMESTONE: Shelled animals absorb CO2 - Make calcium carbonate shells - Remains compressed to form limestone.

Question 3

Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming

Answer 3

GREENHOUSE EFFECT: Temperature on Earth - High enough to support life.
GREENHOUSE GAS: Water vapour, methane and carbon dioxide.
SHORT WAVELENGTH RADIATION: Sun’s radiation - Pass-through Earth’s atmosphere - Warms the surface - Without being absorbed.
LONG WAVE RADIATION: radiation from Earths surface - absorbed by GG - Doesn’t escape the atmosphere.
CARBON FOOTPRINT: Total amount carbon dioxide - and other GG - Emitted over the full lifecycle.
GLOBAL WARMING: increase of the average temperature of the Earth.

Question 4

How humans increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Answer 4

• Combustion of fossil fuel

- Deforestation

Question 5

How humans increase methane in the atmosphere

Answer 5

• Increased animal farming
• Decomposition of rubbish landfill
• Beef is the most popular meat eaten by humans

Question 6

How humans can decrease carbon dioxide concentration

Answer 6

• Use alternative forms of energy Eg. wind turbines
• Energy efficiency
• Carbon capture
• Carbon off-setting - more trees

Question 7

How humans can decrease methane concentrations

Answer 7

• Alternative foods

- Increased recycling

Question 8

Effects of global warming

Answer 8

• Some regions will not be able to produce enough food because of drought
• Changes top distribution of species
• Increase in sea levels
• Reduction of water supplies

Question 9

COMMON POLLUTANTS:

Carbon monoxide

Answer 9

FORMULA: CO
CAUSE: Incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel
EFFECT: Toxic gas. Colour/odourless. Hard to detect

Question 10

COMMON POLLUTANTS:

Sulfur dioxide

Answer 10

FORMULA: SO2
CAUSE: Burning coal or petrol
EFFECT: Respiratory problems and acid rain

Question 11

COMMON POLLUTANTS:

Nitrogen oxides

Answer 11

FORMULA: NO
CAUSE: Car engines. N2 + O2 from air at high temperatures
EFFECT: Respiratory problems and acid rain

Question 12

COMMON POLLUTANTS:

Particules

Answer 12

FORMULA: CO2
CAUSE: Incomplete combustion
EFFECT: Global dimming