Chapter 13

Question 1

Biological species concept

Answer 1

Species are groups of actually interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other groups

Question 2

Metapopulation

Answer 2

Spatially separated populations of the same species that interact at some level

Question 3

General lineage concept

Answer 3

Species are metapopulations of organisms that exchange alleles frequently enough that they compromise the same gene pool (evolutionary lineage)

Question 4

Isolating barriers

Answer 4

Something that impedes gene flow from individuals of other species; can be geographic, physiological, or ecological

Question 5

Geographic barriers

Answer 5

Extrinsic properties of the landscape

Question 6

Reproductive barriers

Answer 6

Intrinsic features of the organism itself that minimizes chances of interbreeding

Question 7

Allopathy

Answer 7

Populations are in separate non overlapping areas

Question 8

Sympathy

Answer 8

Populations are in the same area

Question 9

Prezygotic reproductive barriers

Answer 9

Prevents sperm of one species from fertilizing egg of another

Question 10

Postzygotic reproductive barriers

Answer 10

Prevent fertilized zygotes from developing and reproducing

Question 11

Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities

Answer 11

Molecular incompatibilities that arise when the genome of two species are combined in hybrid offspring

Question 12

Reinforcement

Answer 12

Increase of reproductive isolation through selection against hybrid offspring

Question 13

Isolation by distance

Answer 13

Populations that live nearby are genetically more similar than those who live farther apart

Question 14

Ring species

Answer 14

Connected series of populations; can interbreed with their neighbors, but not anyone too far along ring

Question 15

Ecological speciation

Answer 15

Evolution of reproductive barriers between populations by adaptation to different environments or niches

Question 16

Allopolyploidy

Answer 16

Polyploidy resulting from interspecific hybridization

Question 17

Cryptic species

Answer 17

Organism who are genetically distinct and don’t interbreed, but are morphologically indistinguishable

Question 18

Phylogenetic species concept

Answer 18

Species are the smallest possible groups whose members descend from a common ancestor and who all posses derived characteristics