Chapter 13 Flashcards
Population
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time
Natural selection
A process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits
Evolutionary adaptation
A populations increase in the frequency of a traits suited to the environment
Fossils
Imprints or remains of an organism that lived in the past.
Fossil record
Ordered sequence of fossils as they appear in the rock layers marking the passage of geologic time
Biogeography
Geographic distribution of species
Comparative anatomy
The comparison of body structures in different species
Homology
Similarity in structure do to common ancestry
Vestigial structures
Are remnants of features that served important functions in organisms ancestors such as the rear leg bones evident in ancient whale fossil.
Evolutionary tree
Where biologist represent patterns of descent, although today they usually turn the tree sideways.
Modern synthesis
Fusion of genetics with evolutionary biology
Gene pool
The total collection of alleles in a population at one time
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
A non-living population is in genetic equilibrium
Microevolution
Evolution viewed on the smallest scale
Genetic drift
a change in the gene pool of a population due to chance
Bottleneck effect
Genetic drift due to a drastic reduction in population size
Founder effect
The type of genetic drift resulting from the establishment of a small, new population his gene pool differs from that of the parent population
Gene flow
Where a population may gain or lose alleles are in fertile individuals move into or out of the population or when gametes are transferred between populationa
Fitness
The contribution and individual makes to the gene pool of the next-generation relative to the contributions of other individuals
Directional selection
Chefs the overall make up of a population by selecting in favor of one extreme phenotype.
Disruptive selection
Can lead to a balance between two or more contrasting phenotypes in a population.
Stabilizing selection
Pavers intermediate phenotypes
Sexual selection
A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain traits are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates
Sexual Dimorphism
The distinction in a appearance, is often manifested in a size difference
