Chapter 12 Flashcards
Biotechnology
The manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful product, as a modern Field, but it dates back to dawn of civilization.b
DNA technology
Methods for studying and manipulating genetic material
Recombinant DNA
Results when scientists combine nucleotide sequences (pieces of DNA) from two different sources to form a single DNA molecule.
Genetic engineering
The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes.
GMO’s
Organisms that have acquired one or more genes artificially
Transgenic organism
A newly acquired gene is from another organism, typically another species the recombinant organism is a transgenic organism.
Plasmids
Small, circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the larger bacterial chromosome
Gene cloning
The production of multiple identical copies of a gene carrying piece of DNA
Vectors
Gene carriers
Clone
A group of identical cells descended from a single ancestral cell
Restriction enzymes
The cutting tools used for making recombinant DNA are bacterial enzymes
Restriction fragments
The restriction enzyme cuts the DNA strands between the bases A and G within the recognition sequence producing peices of DNA
DNA ligase
The union between the blue and green fragments is then made permanent by the “pasting” enzyme
Genomic library
A complete set of an organisms genes
Nucleic acid probe
Used to find a specific gene or other nucleotide sequence within a mass of DNA
