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Anatomy and Physiology II > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes

A

Sensory Input

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2
Q

Processing and interpretation of sensory input

A

Integration

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3
Q

Activation of effector organs (muscles and glands) produces a response

A

Motor Output

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4
Q

What is the CNS made of?

A

Brain and spinal cord of dorsal body cavity

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5
Q

What is the PNS?

A

The portion of the nervous system outside of the CNS

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6
Q

What does the PNS mainly consist of?

A

Nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord.
(spinal nerves-to & from spinal cord
cranial nerves-to & from brain)

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7
Q

What are the 2 functional divisions of the PNS?

A

Sensory (afferent) & Motor (efferent)

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8
Q

What is the sensory (afferent) division made of?

A

Somatic sensory fibers & visceral sensory fibers

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9
Q

Function of the somatic sensory fibers?

A

convey impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to CNS

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10
Q

Function of visceral sensory fibers?

A

convey impulses from visceral organs to CNS

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11
Q

Function of motor (efferent) division?

A

Transmit impulses from CNS to effector organs (muscles and glands)

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12
Q

2 division of motor (efferent) division?

A

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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13
Q

What is the only nerve that runs the length of the body?

A

Vagus nerve

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14
Q

soma means?

A

body

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15
Q

somatic =

A

voluntary

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16
Q

visceral =

A

involuntary

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17
Q

2 branches of visceral

A

sympathetic & parasympathetic

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18
Q

sympathetic =

A

fight or flight

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19
Q

parasympathetic=

A

rest & digest

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20
Q

small cells that surround and wrap delicate neurons

A

neuroglia

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21
Q

excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

A

neurons

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22
Q

most abundant, versatile, and highly branched CNS neuroglia cells?

A

astrocytes

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23
Q

branched cells, that wrap CNS nerve fibers to form myelin sheaths?

A

oligodendrocytes

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24
Q

cells that surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths?

A

Schwann Cells (neurolemmocytes)

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25
Q

Which 2 cells surround neurons in the PNS?

A

Satellite cells & Schwann cells

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26
Q

The first level of neural integration in the somatosensory system is the __________ level.

A

receptor

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27
Q

__________ are collections of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

A

ganglia

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28
Q

Spinal nerves are all classified as __________.

A

mixed nerves

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29
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves carries only sensory information?

A

olfactory

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30
Q

What type of nerve fibers are found in the ventral ramus of a spinal nerve?

A

both sensory and motor

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31
Q

The primary nerve that controls breathing is found in which nerve plexus?

A

cervical

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32
Q

What parts of the brain ultimately plan and coordinate complex motor activities?

A

cerebellum and basal nuclei

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33
Q

Which reflex is important for maintaining muscle tone?

A

stretch reflex

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34
Q

Hiccups could occur if there was irritation or damage to the ______.

A

motor branches of ventral rami associated with the c3-c5 region of the spinal cord

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35
Q

Damage to the ulnar nerve could result in the inability to ______.

A

flex the wrist

36
Q

A herniated lumbar disc could interfere with ______.

A

skin sensations from the lateral and medial thigh and adduction of the thigh (all of the above)

37
Q

The brachial plexus can be palpated at the lower lateral border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Injury to the brachial plexus could cause weakness or paralysis to all of the following EXCEPT the ______.

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

38
Q

Which of the following is NOT used to classify sensory receptors?

A

the # of dendritic endings present

39
Q

The hyperalgesia that is common in phantom limb pain could be blocked if a new drug was developed that could prevent (without triggering any side-effects) the ______.

A

diffusion of calcium ions through NMDA receptors

40
Q

Nerves that only carry impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) are called __________.

A

motor nerves

41
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers.

A

false

42
Q

The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves.

A

true

43
Q

External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve.

A

true

44
Q

The ________ nerve is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve.

A

cervical

45
Q

Bell’s palsy is ________.

A

characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

46
Q

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?

A

olfactory

47
Q

The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all except the ________.

A

trochlear

48
Q

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

A

vestibulocochlear

49
Q

A fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve?

A

olfactory

50
Q

A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged?

A

facial

51
Q

The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers.

A

true

52
Q

The cranial nerve with a cervical origin (spinal cord) is the ________.

A

accessory

53
Q

Which cranial nerve transmits information about our sense of equilibrium?

A

vestibulocochlear

54
Q

There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves.

A

12

55
Q

The majority of the cranial nerves attach to the __________.

A

brain stem

56
Q

In carpal tunnel syndrome, there may be tingling and numbness in the thumb due to compression of the ______.

A

cutaneous branches of the median nerve

57
Q

If “wrist drop” were to appear, there would also be an increased probability of ______.

A

inability to extend the forearm

58
Q

Sciatica has no direct affect on ______.

A

control of the adductor longus

59
Q

The meningeal branch of a spinal nerve actually reenters the vertebral canal to innervate the meninges and blood vessels.

A

true

60
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve is a major nerve of the brachial plexus.

A

true

61
Q

The dorsal ramus consists only of motor fibers bringing information to the spinal cord.

A

false

62
Q

Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal nerves.

A

true

63
Q

Dorsal and ventral rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers.

A

true

64
Q

Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups.

A

true

65
Q

The obturator nerve branches from the sacral plexus

A

false

66
Q

Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus?

A

phrenic

67
Q

The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ________ nerve.

A

tibial

68
Q

Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are (in order):

A

roots, trunks, divisions, and cords

69
Q

A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________.

A

femoral

70
Q

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________.

A

sacral plexus

71
Q

Striking the “funny bone” is actually stimulation of (or injury to) the ________.

A

ulnar nerve

72
Q

The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves?

A

common fibular and tibial

73
Q

The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve?

A

musculocutaneous

74
Q

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

A

a complete loss of voluntary movement

75
Q

Ralph sustained a leg injury in a bowling accident and had to use crutches. Unfortunately, he never took the time to learn how to use them properly. After two weeks of use, he noticed his fingers were becoming numb. Then he noticed his arms were getting weaker and had a tingling sensation. What could be his problem?

A

Compression of the radial nerve (in the region of the armpit) may cause temporary cessation of nervous transmission, often called “Saturday night paralysis.”

76
Q

Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

median

77
Q

A fall or an improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________.

A

sciatica

78
Q

The phrenic nerve serves the __________.

A

diaphragm

79
Q

In carpal tunnel syndrome, the __________ is compressed

A

median

80
Q

The thickest and longest nerve in the body is the __________.

A

sciatic

81
Q

A joint and the muscle that moves that joint tend to be innervated by different nerves.

A

false

82
Q

The obturator and femoral nerves branch from this plexus_________.

A

lumbar plexus

83
Q

Striking the “funny bone” (ulnar nerve) may cause injury to a nerve of this plexus

A

brachial plexus

84
Q

trauma to a nerve of this plexus may result in “wrist drop”

A

brachial plexus

85
Q

a fall or improper administration of an injection to the buttocks may injure a nerve of this plexus

A

sacral plexus

86
Q

the phrenic nerve branches from this plexus

A

cervical plexus

Anatomy and Physiology II (3 decks)

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