Chapter 13 Flashcards
Prejudice and Intergroup Relations
Prejudice
Discrimination
Stereotype
ABS’s of Intergroup Relationships
Affective component - Prejudice Behavioral component - Discrimination Cognitive component Stereotype
Common Prejudices and Targets
Most prejudice arise from external characteristics
- Racial prejudice (Racism)
- Gender prejudice (Sexism)
Most people claim not to be prejudiced
Common Prejudices and Targets
Arabs
People who are overweight
Homosexuals
Why Prejudice Exists
Tendency to hold stereotypes and prejudices may be innate
People automatically know stereotypes and have to work to override them
Ingroup favoritism
Minimal group effect
Contact Hypothesis
Under favorable conditions, regular interaction between members of different groups, reduces prejudice
- Negative stereotypes arise because groups dont have contact with each other.
Why Prejudice Excists
Rationalization for Oppression
- Powerful group retains power through use of stereotypes and prejudices
Prejudice and self-esteem
- Can be self-affirming
Inner Processes
Stereotypes can form on the basis of salience
Scapegoat theory
- Blame problems on outgroup contributing to negative feelings
Self-serving bias
- People make internal attributions for success but refuse external attributions for failure.
Mental Processes of Non Prejudiced People
Which mental processes underlay prejudice
- Both groups had equal knowledge of stereotypes
- Both groups thought of the stereotype when they encountered a member of that group
- Non prejudiced people consciously override the stereotype
Discrimination in reverse
Motives for Overcoming Prejudice
Plant & Devines measure
- Internal Motivation to Respond Without Prejudice
Based on strong inner belief that prejudice is wrong
- External Motivation
Overcoming Stereotypes, Reducing Prejudices
Contact - Under specific conditions, intergroup contact does reduce prejudice to outgroup Superordinate Goals - Jig-saw classroom - Symbols are superordinate goals
Impact of Prejudice on Targets
Self-fulfilling prophecy
- Prediction that ensures, by the behavior it generates, that it will come true.
- People would come to act like the stereotypes others hold of them
Self-defeating prophecy
- Prediction that ensures, by the behavior it generates that it will not come true.
Stereotype Threat
Feat that ones behavior may confirm a stereotype that others hold
- Most powerful when it is difficult to contradict
