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BIO 203 #3 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Disease-causing bacteria, viruses, prions, protozoans, fungi, parasitic worms

A

Pathogens

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2
Q

One normal body cell whose genetic changes cause unregulated cell division

A

Cancer cells

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3
Q

Nonspecific; keep foreign organisms or molecules out

A

Physical and chemical surface barriers

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4
Q

Nonspecific; attack any foreign organism or molecule that has gotten past the surface barriers

A

Internal cellular and chemical barriers

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5
Q

Specific; destroy specific targets and remember them

A

Immune resposne

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6
Q

A physical barrier that is nearly impenetrable; waterproof; resistant to most toxins and enzymes of invading organisms

A

Skin

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7
Q

A physical barrier that links the respiratory and digestive tracts; sticky mucus traps microbes

A

Mucous membranes

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8
Q

Chemical barrier; produces chemicals that slow or prevent growth of bacteria

A

Sweat and oil glands of the skin

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9
Q

Chemical barrier; produces hydrochloric acid and protein-digesting enzymes that destroy pathogens

A

Lining of stomach

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10
Q

Chemical barrier; slows bacterial growth with acidity; washes microbes from urethra

A

Urine

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11
Q

A chemical barrier that contains lysozyme, an enzyme that kills bacteria

A

Saliva or tears

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12
Q

Engulf pathogens (multiple types), type of WBC

A

Phagocytes

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13
Q

Arrive first

A

Neutrophils

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14
Q

Develop from monocytes that leave the circulatory system

A

Macrophages

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15
Q

Attack pathogens that are too large from phagocytosis, such as parasitic worms

A

Eosinophils

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16
Q

Also a type of WBC; search out abnormal cells, including cancer cells, and kill them

A

Natural killer cells

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17
Q

Slow viral infection; small proteins secreted by a cell infected by a virus

A

Interferon

18
Q

Assists other defensive mechanisms; group of proteins that enhances both nonspecific and specific defense mechanims

A

Complement system

19
Q

Destroys invaders and helps repair and restore damaged tissue

A

Inflammation

20
Q

Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain

A

Four signs of inflammation

21
Q

Mast cells release histamine which causes blood vessels to dilate blood flow to area increases

A

Redness

22
Q

Temperature rises

A

Heat

23
Q

Histamine causes capillaries to become leaky and fluid seeps into tissues

A

Swelling

24
Q

Can be caused by excess fluid, bacterial toxins, prostaglandins

A

Pain

25
Q

An abnormally high body temperature caused by pyrogens

A

Fever

26
Q

Has specific responses and memory

A

Adaptive Immune System

27
Q

Molecules found on our own cells that label cells as “self”, used by immune system to distinguish cells of your body from foreign invaders

A

Major histocompatibility markers (MHC)

28
Q

Non Self substance or organism that triggers an immune response, often found on surface of invader

A

Antigens

29
Q

WBCs, responsible for specificity and memory of the adaptive immune response

A

Lymphocytes

30
Q

Form and mature in bone marrow

A

B lymphocytes (B cells)

31
Q

Form in bone marrow and mature in thymus gland ,recognize MHC self markers

A

T lymphocytes (T cells)

32
Q

Defend against antigens that are free in body fluids, including toxins or extracellular pathogens

A

Antibody-mediated immune response

33
Q

Protect against cancer cells and body cells that have become infected with viruses or other pathogens

A

Cell-mediated immune response

34
Q

8 Steps of the Adaptive Immune Response

A

Threat, Detection, Alert, Alarm, Building specific defenses, Defense, Continued Surveillance, Withdrawal of forces

35
Q

The body produces memory B cells and T cells following exposure to an antigen

A

Active immunity

36
Q

Results when a person receives antibodies that were produced by another person or animal, short-lived

A

Passive immunity

37
Q

A group of identical antibodies that bind to one specific antigen, used in research

A

Monoclonal antibodies

38
Q

Occur when the immune system fails to distinguish between self and nonself and attacks tissues or organs of the body

A

Autoimmune disorder

39
Q

Overreaction by the immune system to an antigen

A

Allergies

40
Q

Five classes of antibodies, each with a special role to play in protecting against invaders

A

Immunoglobulin, IgG,M,E,A,D

41
Q

Extreme allergic reaction that can be fatal, caused by pooling of blood in capillaries

A

Anaphylactic shock

BIO 203 #3 (3 decks)

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