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Physical Assessment > Chapter 13, 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 13, 22 Flashcards

1
Q

In this skin disorder, there are patchy depigmentation from destruction of melanocytes

A

vitiligo

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2
Q

In pallor, anemia has decreased____ and shock has decreased_____

A

anemia= decreased hematocrit

shock= decreased perfusion, vasoconstriction

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3
Q

Describe how the skin disorder for both light skin & dark skin will look like in a patient with vitiligo.

A

patchy milky-white spots, often symmetric bilaterally

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4
Q

In this skin disorder, there is total absence of pigment melanin throughout the integument

A

albinism

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5
Q

In local artery insufficiency, describe how the dark skin would be.

A

dark skin= ashen gray, dull & cool to palpation

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6
Q

In this disorder, there is an increase amount of unoxygenated hemoglobin; Chronic heart and lung disease cause arterial desaturation

A

cyanosis

*REMEMBER DUSKY BLUE

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7
Q

What is the skin disorder jaundice?

A

Increased serum bilirubin from liver inflammation or hemolytic disease such as after severe burns, some infections

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8
Q

Where do you check for jaundice in a dark skin patient? Where is best noted to know they have jaundice?

A

Check sclera for yellow near limbus

Best noted= hard & soft palate; the PALMS

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9
Q

In carbon monoxide poisoning, what color would you see in a light & dark skin patient?

A

light skin= BRIGHT cherry red

dark skin= cherry red

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10
Q

This patient has a bronzed appearance, tan like, especially around the nipples, perineum, genitalia, and pressure points like inner thighs, buttocks, elbow, axillae

A

addison’s disease

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11
Q

This disorder is tan to light brown, irregularly shaped, oval patch with well-defined borders on the skin

A

cafe au lait spots

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12
Q

This disorder has yellow-orange in forehead, palms and soles, nasolabial folds, but no yellowing in sclera or mucous membranes

A

Carotenemia

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13
Q

Where are the findings of carotenemia in a dark skin patient?

A

Yellow-orange tinge in palms and soles

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14
Q

This primary skin lesion is a plateau like, disk-shaped lesion

A

plaque

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15
Q

This primary skin lesion is like a blister. Examples would include: herpes simplex, chickenpox, herpes zoster (shingles), contact dermatitis

A

vesicle

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16
Q

This primary skin lesion is an encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevating skin.

A

cyst

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17
Q

This primary skin lesion has wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction and is intensely pruritic.

A

Urticaria or hives

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18
Q

This primary skin lesion has a solely a color change and its flat

A

macule

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19
Q

This primary skin lesion is solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. May extend deeper into dermis than papule

A

nodule

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20
Q

This primary skin lesion something you can feel and its caused by superficial thickening in epidermis

A

papule

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21
Q

This primary skin lesion Larger than a few centimeters in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis & may be benign or malignant;

A

tumor

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22
Q

What are examples of tumors?

A

lipoma & hemangioma

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23
Q

This primary skin lesions are like macules but are larger than 1 cm.

A

patch

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24
Q

What are some examples of patches?

A

mongolian spot, vitiligo, café au lait spot, chloasma, measles rash.

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25
Q

This primary skin lesion is superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous; slightly irregular shape from edema

A

wheal

ex. mosquito bites, allergic reaction

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26
Q

This primary skin lesion has turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity. Circumscribed and elevated. Examples: impetigo, acne.

A

pustule

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27
Q

This primary skin lesion is usually single chambered (unilocular); superficial in epidermis; thin-walled and ruptures easily.

A

bulla

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28
Q

This secondary skin lesion is described as thickened, dried-out exudate left when vesicles/pustules that burst or dry up;

A

crust

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29
Q

This secondary skin lesion is described as desiccated flakes of skin, dry or greasy

A

scale

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30
Q

What skin lesion is colored silvery or white, from shedding of dead excess keratin cells? Give an example of this

A

scale

ex. psorasis, eczema

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31
Q

What skin lesion can be colored red-yellow, honey, or yellow? Give an example.

A

crust

ex. impetigo

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32
Q

This skin disorder have examples like cheilosis—at corners of mouth caused by excess moisture; athlete’s foot.

A

fissure

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33
Q

This skin disorder looks smooth, rubbery, shiny and “clawlike”; feels smooth and firm.

A

keloid

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34
Q

How does a scaphoid abdomen look like?

A

abdomen caves in; abnormally sunken abdominal wall

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35
Q

How does a protuberant abdomen look like?

A

bulging; abdomen is distended

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36
Q

These types of bowel sounds are diminished, absent, signals decreased motility

A

hypoactive bowel sounds

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37
Q

These types of bowel sounds are loud, gurgling sounds that signals increased motility

A

hyperactive bowel sounds

38
Q

Whats the term name for stomach growling?

A

borborygmus

39
Q

What is hepatomegaly?

A

enlarged liver

40
Q

Characteristics associated with Cullen sign?

A

bluish periumbilical color occurs with intraperitoneal bleeding

41
Q

What does a positive Murphy sign indicate?

A

inspiratory arrest

42
Q

What does shifting dullness test for?

A

the second test for ascites; the note of percussion will change from tympany to dull if fluid is present

43
Q

Which diseases might cause an enlarged spleen?

A

Mononucleosis, trauma, leukemia, lymphoma, portal hypertension, and HIV

44
Q

What causes costovertebral angle tenderness?

A

Sharp pain occurs with inflammation of the kidney or perinephric area

45
Q

What does a systolic bruit indicate?

A

pulsatile blowing sound and occurs with stenosis or occlusion of an artery

46
Q

What is indicated by rebound tenderness?

A

Blumberg sign

Peritoneal inflammation= appendicitis

47
Q

What causes costovertebral angle tenderness?

A

Sharp pain occurs with inflammation of the kidney or perinephric area

Discomfort at the angle formed on each side of the trunk by the junction of the last rib with the lumbar vertebrae; associated with kidney pain. When percussing the abdomen.

48
Q

What are abnormal findings associated with palpation?

A

Muscle guarding, rigidity, large masses, tenderness

Involuntary rigidity is a constant, board-like hardness of the muscles

49
Q

What stage of pressure ulcer/injury is associated with redness but the skin is not broken?

A

stage 1- non blanchable

50
Q

What stage of pressure ulcer/injury is described as loss of the epidermis and the dermis is exposed?

A

stage 2- partial thickness skin loss

51
Q

What stage of pressure ulcer/injury can see the subcutaneous fat but the muscle, bone or tendon isn’t exposed?

A

stage 3- full thickness skin loss

52
Q

What stage of pressure ulcer/injury exposes the muscle, bone, or tendon?

A

stage 4-full thickness skin & tissue loss

53
Q

If you ask a patient about any changes in appetite and weight, what disorder is it referring to?

A

anorexia

54
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

difficulty swallowing

occurs with disorders of the throat or esophagus

55
Q

Food intolerance is associated with? What is pyrosis?

A

Lactase deficiency resulting in bloating or excessive gas after taking milk products
Pyrosis is heartburn

56
Q

Black tarry stools are associated with

A

GI bleeding

57
Q

Non tarry black stools are associated with

A

Iron medications

58
Q

Gray stools are associated with

A

hepatitis

59
Q

Red blood stools occur with

A

GI bleeding or localized bleeding around the anus (ex: hemorrhoids).

60
Q

abnormalities are indicated in the presence of dullness on percussion

A

occurs over a distended bladder, adipose tissue, fluid or a mass

61
Q

abnormalities are indicated in the presence of hyperresonance on percussion

A

present with gaseous distention

62
Q

This term is defined as scooped out but shallow depression. Superficial; epidermis lost; moist but no bleeding; heals without scar

A

erosion

63
Q

This term is defined when the surface of the skin has deeper depression extending into dermis, irregular shape; may bleed; leaves scar when heals

A

ulcer

64
Q

This term is self-inflicted abrasion; superficial; sometimes crusted; scratches from intense itching.

A

excoriation

65
Q

Examples include: insect bites, scabies, dermatitis, varicella.

A

excoriation

66
Q

normal tissue is lost and replaced with connective tissue (collagen).

A

scar

67
Q

This describes when skin level is depressed with loss of tissue; a thinning of the epidermis. Example includes striae.

A

atrophic scar

68
Q

Prolonged, intense scratching eventually thickens skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules
AND looks like surface of moss

A

Lichenification

69
Q

What areas can you find keloids?

A

Found in ear lobes, back of neck, scalp, chest, and back; may occur months to years after initial trauma

70
Q

This type of pressure injury is begins in the muscle closest to the bone; common skin sites are coccyx, sacrum, buttocks, heels

A

Deep tissue pressure injury

71
Q

Describe the appearance of a patient with brown skin and has pallor would look like.

A

Brown skin→ appears yellow-brown, dull

72
Q

Describe the appearance of a patient with black skin and has pallor would look like.

A

black skin → appears ashen gray, dull

73
Q

Describe how light skin and dark skin patients would look like with albinism.

A

light skin= Whitish pink

dark skin= tan, cream, white

74
Q

In dark skinned patients with cyanosis, how would their skin look like?

A

Dark but dull, lifeless; only severe cyanosis is apparent in skin

75
Q

What areas would you check for cyanosis in dark patients?

A

Check conjunctivae, oral mucosa, nail beds

76
Q

How would patients with light skin & dark skin that have hyperemia would look like?

A

light skin= red, bright pink

dark skin= purplish tinge; palpate for increased warmth with inflammation, taut skin, and hardening of deep tissues

77
Q

How would patients with light skin & dark skin that have polycythemia would look like?

A

light skin= Ruddy blue in face, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, hands, and feet
dark skin= redness in lips

78
Q

Describe light skin patients with carotenemia.

A

Yellow-orange in forehead, palms and soles, nasolabial folds, but no yellowing in sclera or mucous membranes

79
Q

Define uremia.

Describe light skin patients with uremia.

A

Renal failure causes retained urochrome pigments in the blood

Orange-green or gray overlying pallor of anemia; may also have ecchymoses and purpura

80
Q

What skin condition is caused by increased melanin pigment in basal cell layer?

A

cafe au lait spots

81
Q

Examples: elevated nevus (mole), lichen planus, molluscum, wart (verruca) are this type of skin lesion.

A

papule

82
Q

Examples: xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi are this type of skin lesion.

A

nodule

83
Q

Examples: friction blister, pemphigus, burns, contact dermatitis are this type of skin lesion

A

bulla

84
Q

psoriasis and lichen planus are examples of what skin lesion?

A

plaque

85
Q

This type pressure injury shows epidermis may separate, revealing dark wound or blood-filled blister.

A

Deep tissue pressure injury (DTPI)

86
Q

What causes pulsation of the aorta?

A

widened pulse pressure, (hypertension, aortic insufficiency, thyrotoxicosis) and abdominal aortic aneurysm

87
Q

signs and symptoms of abdominal pain

A

knees flexed up, facial grimacing, and rapid, uneven respirations

88
Q

If you are palpating a patient to find out if they have an enlarged spleen, what quadrant would you palpate?

A

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

89
Q

If you are palpating a patient to find out if they have an enlarged liver, what quadrant would you palpate?

A

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

90
Q

An abnormal finding for a patient with Murphy sign would indicate if pain is present?

A

In a person with inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis)

91
Q

When performing an abdominal assessment, what are the steps in order?

A

Inspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation (LAST)

Physical Assessment (6 decks)

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