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Justice In America > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

0
Q

Eighteenth centric reformers

A

Advocated for prison over death

Prison could rehabilitate

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1
Q

Correctional agencies

A

Responsible for carrying out sentences imposed by the criminal courts

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2
Q

Recidivism rate

A

Measures how often offenses commit new crimes

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3
Q

Mission statement

A

One way correctional agencies articulate their philosophies

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4
Q

David Garland

A

Argues a new vision emerging based on the culture of control

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5
Q

Culture of control

A

A desire for security, orderliness, and control for the management of risk and the taming of chance

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6
Q

Michel Foucault

A

A desire to limit government power by limiting its ability to issue arbitrary and excessive punishments

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7
Q

The construction

A

Provides the benchmark for what is or is not legally permissible within corrections

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8
Q

Essential tension

A

Conflict between ideals or what should be and observable world as it actually is

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9
Q

Money and budgets

A

Without funding, correctional facilities cannot be very effective

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10
Q

Research

A

People hope corrections is based on research, but sometimes it is based on common sense

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11
Q

Discretion

A

Decisions are most appropriately made through discretion

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12
Q

Bureaucracies

A

Driven by rules and procedures that all personnel are expected to follow

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13
Q

Profession

A

Comprised of individuals who are expected to exercise their own judgement

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14
Q

Invisibility

A

Corrections tend to be invisible to the public

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15
Q

Correctional institutions

A

Secure facilities designed to house persons accused or convicted of a crime

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16
Q

Jail

A

Short term facility

People awaiting trial or with short sentences

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17
Q

Prison

A

Long term facility

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18
Q

Colonial era

A

Jails were used to hold people awaiting trial or punishment

Hold people who could not pay their debts

19
Q

Typical colonial punishments

A

Death, physical beating, banishment

20
Q

Solitary system

A

Promote offender rehab through self introspection

21
Q

Congregate system

A

Less expensive than solitary

Could work through the state

22
Q

Farm systems

A

Inmates lived in barracks

We’re expected to generate revenue by working on farms

23
Q

Contemporary prison

A

Inmates typically have a cell mate
Work programs
interaction

24
Q

Pod design

A

Cells surround a central day room

25
Q

Total institution

A

Inmates sleep, work, and socialize in the same place

26
Q

Mortification

A

Loss of personal identity

27
Q

Prisonization

A

An inmates acceptance of the unique culture of the prison environment

28
Q

Importation model

A

Inmates bring attitudes and life experiences from the outside into prison which shapes their behavior in the prison environment

29
Q

Deprivation model

A

The nature of the prison environment and it’s deprivations shape inmate behavior

30
Q

Maconichie

A

Superintendent of the Norfolk Island prison in Australia

Created the mark system which inmates accumulate marks which could get special privileges

31
Q

Crofton

A

Directed the Irish prison system in the 1850s

Inmates earned marks that earned them more freedoms

32
Q

Parole

A

An encouragement to rehabilitation and to get inmates out early

33
Q

John Augustus

A

Volunteered to supervise offenders who would usually be sent to prison

34
Q

Probation

A

A punishment that allows an offender to remain in the community over going to jail

35
Q

Truth in sentencing

A

Offenders sent to prison must serve a proportion of their time before being considered for early release

36
Q

Other alternatives to prison

A 
Boot camps
Halfway houses
Day reporting centers
Electronic monitoring
House arrest
37
Q

Incarceration

A

Prison and jail sentences

38
Q

Governing through crime

A

Culture control may be felt in areas besides correctional facilities

39
Q

Conflict theory

A

Finance drives correctional policy

40
Q

Prison industrial complex

A

Bureaucratic, political, and economic interests that encourage increased spending on imprisonment regardless of the actual need

41
Q

Quantitative scales

A

Number based scales designed to limit discretion

42
Q

Unit management

A

Multiple activities are contained within a pod, and the staff can interact with inmates more

43
Q

Security level

A

Minimum
Medium
Maximum

44
Q

Classification process

A

The department of corrections determines an inmates security level

Justice In America (5 decks)

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