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Justice In America > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

0
Q

Gresham Sykes

A

Wrote about the five deprivations prisoners face

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1
Q

Punishment

A

A form of deprivation imposed upon a person

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2
Q

John Locke

A

When a government is absent, the people decide who to punish and what the crimes are.

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3
Q

Retribution

A

Offenders deserve to be punished

Either thru revenge or just deserts

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4
Q

Just deserts

A

Believing a criminal should be punished for committing an act against a person and for committing an act against society

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5
Q

Expiation

A

Atonement through suffering

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6
Q

Graeme Newman

A

Proposed the use of painful electric shocks as a form of criminal punishment

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7
Q

General deterrence

A

Intended to deter all people from committing crime by making an example of others who have

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8
Q

Specific deterrence

A

Designed to discourage or prevent an individual offender from committing any additional crimes beyond those for which they have already been punished for

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9
Q

Jeremy Bentham

A

Offenders are rational

They consider both the pain and pleasure that can come about

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10
Q

Cesare beccaria

A

Three things needed to deter a criminal
Punishment should swiftly follow the crime
Punishment should be certain
Punishment should be proportional to the crime

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11
Q

Hedonism

A

If the pleasure outweighs the potential pain

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12
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Human and criminal behavior is the product of forces in the unconscious mind

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13
Q

Incapacitation

A

A form of punishment that removes or reduces the offenders ability to commit criminal activities

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14
Q

Rehabilitation

A

An attempt to correct an offenders behavior to make it conform to the norms of society

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15
Q

B. F. Skinner & John B Watson

A

Believed that behavior is produced through a combination of both punishments for negative behavior and rewards for good behavior

16
Q

Robert Martinson

A

Suggested that the rehabilitation programs were not working

However he found in a later study that it could work if the rehab programs were designed correctly

17
Q

Reintegrative shaming

A

The offender is publicly shamed or scolded

18
Q

Disintegrative shaming

A

Labels offenders as deviant to separate them from the community

19
Q

John Braithwaite

A

Argues the two forms of shaming

Reintegrative and disintegrative

20
Q

Dangerous classes

A

Certain groups of people who are targeted for punishment more than other groups

21
Q

Perceptual shorthand

A

Used by police officers to assist in the immediate identification of persons believed to pose danger or harm to society

22
Q

Culpability

A

Blame worthiness

23
Q

Legality

A

People must be given fair notice of what is expected of them before they can be punished for not having lived up to those expectations

24
Q

Void for vagueness

A

Government is prohibited from punishing someone if a criminal law is written too vaguely

25
Q

Bail

A

Financial or property based pledge to ensure that the accused will appear in court

26
Q

Fines

A

Financial penalties that are imposed after the accused has been found guilty of a crime

27
Q

Cruel and unusual punishment

A

Prohibited by the eighth amendment

Banning I humane punishments

28
Q

Proportionality

A

The punishment should fit the crime

29
Q

Five deprivations a prisoner faces

A 
Liberty
Goods and services
Heterosexual relationships
Individual autonomy
Personal security
30
Q

Five justifications of punishment

A 
Retribution
Deterrence
Rehabilitation
Incapacitation
Restitution
31
Q

Restitution

A

A justification for punishment that requires the offender to pay back the victim

32
Q

Jerome Skolnivk

A

Argued that police affixes develop a perpetual shorthand to identify persons believed to pose a threat to society

Justice In America (5 decks)

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