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Physiology Exam 2 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q 
Boyle’s Law states that...
	A)	P1V1 = P2V2
	B)	P1V2 = P2V1
	C)	P2V1 = P1V2
	D)	all of the above
A

A

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2
Q

Boyle’s Law also states that…
A) at a constant temperature, the pressure exerted by a gas varies inversely with the volume of that gas.
B) at a constant temperature, the pressure exerted by a gas varies directly with the volume of that gas.
C) at a constant temperature, the pressure exerted by a gas remains the same no matter what the volume of that gas is.
D) at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas remains the same no matter what the pressure exerted by that gas is.

A

A) at a constant temperature, the pressure exerted by a gas varies inversely with the volume of that gas.

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3
Q

An application of Boyle’s Law is…
A) at a constant temperature, as the pressure on a gas increases, the volume decreases.
B) at a constant temperature, as the volume of a gas increases, the pressure decreases.
C) at a constant temperature, as the pressure on a gas increases, the volume increases.
D) at a constant temperature, as the pressure on a gas decreases, the volume decreases.
E) A and B.

A

E) A and B

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4
Q

T or F: As a volume of a gas increases, the number of molecules of that gas that collide with the walls of the container decreases.

A

TRUE

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5
Q

T or F: As the lungs expand while breathing, the pressure in the lungs decreases.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Inspiration begins as…

A)	the diaphragm relaxes.
B)	the diaphragm contracts.
C)	the lungs expand.
D)	the lungs contract.
E)	none of the above.
A

B) the diaphragm contracts.

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7
Q

The result of the process of inspiration is…

A)	increased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure.
B)	increased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure.
C)	decreased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure.
D)	decreased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure.
E)	increased alveolar pressure caused decreased alveolar volume.
A

B) increased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure.

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8
Q

During expiration…
A) increased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure.
B) increased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure.
C) decreased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure.
D) decreased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure.
E) decreased alveolar pressure caused increased alveolar volume.

A

C) decreased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure.

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9
Q

T or F: The alveoli never attain equal pressure with the ambient (outside) air.

A

False

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10
Q

T or F: As the volume in the alveoli increases, the pressure decreases.

A

True

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11
Q 
The layer of the pleural membrane that is attached to the surface of the lung is the...
	A)	parietal pleura.
	B)	visceral pleura.
	C)	intrapleural fluid.
	D)	pleural cavity.
	E)	thoracic pleura.
A

B) visceral pleura.

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12
Q 
The outermost layer of the pleural membrane is the...
	A)	parietal pleura.	
	B)	visceral pleura.
	C)	intrapleural fluid.
	D)	pleural cavity.
	E)	thoracic pleura
A

A) parietal pleura.

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13
Q

The fluid filled area between the pleural layers is the…

	A)	parietal pleura.
	B)	visceral pleura.
	C)	intrapleural fluid.
	D)	pleural cavity.
	E)	thoracic pleura.
A

D) Pleural cavity

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14
Q

T or F: The pleural membranes completely surround each lung.

A

False

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15
Q

T or F: Without pleural interface, lungs would collapse and chest wall would expand.

A

TRUE

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16
Q

According to Poiseuille’s Law, _______ is the largest governor of resistance.

A

radius!

*see slide 40 of Mechanics of Breathing

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17
Q

The pulmonary capillaries are able to be completely re-oxygenated in all except which of the following?

A)	hypoventilation
B)	hyperventilation
C)	normal ventilation
D)	hypoventilation and hyperventilation
E)	all of the above
A

A) hypoventilation

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18
Q

Alveolar volume is equal to…

A) breaths per minute X breath volume
B) breaths per minute X dead space volume
C) breaths per minute X dead space volume X breath volume
D) breaths per minute X (breath volume – dead space volume)
E) breaths per minute X (breath volume + dead space volume)

A

C) breaths per minute X dead space volume X breath volume

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19
Q

Minute ventilation is equal to…

A)	breaths per minute X breath volume
B)	breaths per minute X dead space volume
C)	breaths per minute X dead space volume X breath volume
D)	breaths per minute X (breath volume – dead space volume)
E)	breaths per minute X (breath volume + dead space volume)
A

D) breaths per minute X (breath volume – dead space volume)

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20
Q

T or F: The dead space volume of the lungs is directly proportional to the minute ventilation.

A

True

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21
Q

T or F: The alveolar gas pressure of the lungs is directly proportional to the minute ventilation.

A

True

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22
Q 
The direction of gas movement is determined by
	A)	temperature.
	B)	size of the gas molecule.
	C)	solubility of the gas in blood.
	D)	partial pressure differences.
	E)	pH.
A

D) partial pressure differences.

23
Q

At the arterial end of the pulmonary capillaries,
A) O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, while CO2 diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.
B) O2 diffuses from the blood into the alveoli, while CO2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood.
C) both O2 and CO2 diffuse from the blood into the alveoli.
D) both O2 and CO2 diffuse from the alveoli into the blood.
E) O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, but there is no net movement of CO2.

A

A) O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, while CO2 diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.

24
Q

At the arterial end of the tissue capillaries,
A) O2 diffuses from tissue cells into the blood, while CO2 diffuses from the blood into tissue cells.
B) O2 diffuses from the blood into tissue cells, while CO2 diffuses from tissue cells into the blood.
C) both O2 and CO2 diffuse from the blood into tissue cells.
D) both O2 and CO2 diffuse from tissue cells into the blood.
E) O2 diffuses from the blood into tissue cells, but there is no net movement of CO2.

A

B) O2 diffuses from the blood into tissue cells, while CO2 diffuses from tissue cells into the blood.

25
Q

T or F: The partial pressure of a gas is measured in millimeters of mercury.

A

True

26
Q

T or F: At the venous end of tissue capillaries, there is no net movement of O2 and CO2.

A

True

27
Q 
The direction of gas movement is determined by
	A)	temperature.
	B)     size of the gas molecule.	
	C)	solubility of the gas in blood.	
	D)	partial pressure differences.
	E)	pH.
A

D) partial pressure differences.

28
Q

Which of the following statements about partial pressures of gases is TRUE?
A) PO2 in lung is greater than PO2 in blood ; PCO2 in lung is greater than PCO2 in blood
B) PO2 in lung is greater than PO2 in blood ; PCO2 in lung is less than PCO2 in blood
C) PO2 in lung is greater than PO2 in blood ; PCO2 in lung = PCO2 in blood
D) PO2 in lung is less than PO2 in blood ; PCO2 in lung is less than PCO2 in blood
E) PO2 in lung is less than PO2 in blood ; PCO2 in lung is greater than PCO2 in blood

A

B) PO2 in lung is greater than PO2 in blood ; PCO2 in lung is less than PCO2 in blood

29
Q

Which of the following statements about partial pressures of gases is TRUE?
A) PO2 in blood is greater than PO2 in tissues ; PCO2 in blood is greater than PCO2 in tissues
B) PO2 in blood is greater than PO2 in tissues ; PCO2 in blood is less than PCO2 in tissues
C) PO2 in blood is greater than PO2 in tissues ; PCO2 in blood = PCO2 in tissues
D) PO2 in blood is less than PO2 in tissues ; PCO2 in blood is less than PCO2 in tissues
E) PO2 in blood is less than PO2 in tissues ; PCO2 in blood is greater than PCO2 in tissues

A

B) PO2 in blood is greater than PO2 in tissues ; PCO2 in blood is less than PCO2 in tissues

30
Q

T or F: Oxygen-rich blood is carried through pulmonary arteries from the lungs to the heart.

A

False

31
Q

T or F: Oxygen-poor blood is carried through systemic veins from the body tissues back to the heart.

A

True

32
Q 
During an asthma attack, the patient has difficulty breathing because of constriction of the
	A)	trachea.
	B)	bronchi.
	C)	terminal bronchioles.
	D)	alveoli.
	E)	respiratory membrane.
A

C) terminal bronchioles.

33
Q 
During quiet expiration, the
	A)	abdominal muscles relax.
	B)	diaphragm moves inferiorly.
	C)	external intercostal muscles contract.
	D)	thorax and lungs passively recoil.
	E)	all of the above.
A

D) thorax and lungs passively recoil.

34
Q

The parietal pleura
A) covers the surface of the lung.
B) covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity.
C) is the connective tissue partition that divides the thoracic cavity into right and left pleural cavities.
D) covers the inner surface of the alveoli.
E) is the membrane across which gas exchange occurs.

A

B) covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity.

35
Q

Contraction of the bronchiolar smooth muscle has which of these effects?
A) a smaller pressure gradient is required to get the same rate of airflow when compared to normal bronchioles
B) increases airflow through the bronchioles
C) increases resistance to airflow
D) increases alveolar ventilation

A

C) increases resistance to airflow

36
Q

During the process of expiration, the alveolar pressure is
A) greater than the pleural pressure.
B) greater than the barometric pressure.
C) less than the barometric pressure.
D) unchanged.

A

B) greater than the barometric pressure.

37
Q 
The lungs do not normally collapse because of
	A)	surfactant.
	B)	pleural pressure.
	C)	elastic recoil.
	D)	both a and b.
A

D) both a and b.

38
Q

Immediately after the creation of an opening through the thorax into the pleural cavity,
A) air flows through the hole and into the pleural cavity.
B) air flows through the hole and out of the pleural cavity.
C) air flows neither out nor in.
D) the lung protrudes through the hole.

A

A) air flows through the hole and into the pleural cavity.

39
Q

Compliance of the lungs and thorax
A) is the volume by which the lungs and thorax change for each unit change of alveolar pressure.
B) increases in emphysema.
C) decreases because of lack of surfactant.
D) all of the above.

A

D) all of the above.

40
Q 
Given these lung volumes:
1. tidal volume = 500 mL
2. residual volume = 1000 mL
3. inspiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL
4. expiratory reserve volume = 1000 mL
5. dead space = 1000 mL
The vital capacity is
	A)	3000 mL.
	B)	3500 mL.
	C)	4000 mL.
	D)	5000 mL.
	E)	6000 mL.
A

C) 4000 mL.

41
Q

The alveolar ventilation is the
A) tidal volume times respiratory rate.
B) minute ventilation plus the dead space.
C) amount of air available for gas exchange in the lungs.
D) vital capacity divided by respiratory rate.
E) inspiratory reserve volume times minute ventilation.

A

C) amount of air available for gas exchange in the lungs.

42
Q 
If the total pressure of a gas is 760 mm Hg and its composition is 20% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide, 75% nitrogen, and 5% water vapor, the partial pressure of oxygen is
	A)	15.2 mm Hg.
	B)	20 mm Hg.
	C)	118 mm Hg.
	D)	152 mm Hg.
	E)	740 mm Hg.
A

D) 152 mm Hg.

43
Q

The rate of diffusion of a gas across the respiratory membrane increases as the
A) respiratory membrane becomes thicker.
B) surface area of the respiratory membrane decreases.
C) partial pressure difference of the gas across the respiratory membrane increases.
D) diffusion coefficient of the gas decreases.
E) all of the above.

A

C) partial pressure difference of the gas across the respiratory membrane increases.

44
Q

In which of these sequences does PO2 progressively decrease?
A) arterial blood, alveolar air, body tissues
B) body tissues, arterial blood, alveolar air
C) body tissues, alveolar air, arterial blood
D) alveolar air, arterial blood, body tissues
E) arterial blood, body tissues, alveolar air

A

D) alveolar air, arterial blood, body tissues

45
Q 
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the venous blood is
	A)	greater than in the tissue spaces.
	B)	less than in the tissue spaces.
	C)	less than in the alveoli.
	D)	less than in arterial blood.
A

B) less than in the tissue spaces.

46
Q

Oxygen is mostly transported in the blood
A) dissolved in plasma.
B) bound to blood proteins.
C) within HCO3-.
D) bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin.

A

D) bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin.

47
Q

The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is adaptive because it
A) shifts to the right in the pulmonary capillaries and to the left in the tissue capillaries.
B) shifts to the left in the pulmonary capillaries and to the right in the tissue capillaries.
C) doesn’t shift.

A

B) shifts to the left in the pulmonary capillaries and to the right in the tissue capillaries.

48
Q

Carbon dioxide is mostly transported in the blood
A) dissolved in plasma.
B) bound to blood proteins.
C) within HCO3-.
D) bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin.
E) bound to the globin portion of hemoglobin.

A

C) within HCO3-.

49
Q

The chloride shift
A) occurs primarily in pulmonary capillaries.
B) occurs when Cl- replace HCO3- within red blood cells.
C) decreases the formation of bicarbonate ions.
D) decreases the number of hydrogen ions.

A

B) occurs when Cl- replace HCO3- within red blood cells.

50
Q

The chemosensitive area
A) stimulates the respiratory center when blood carbon dioxide levels increase.
B) stimulates the respiratory center when blood pH increases.
C) is located in the pons.
D) stimulates the respiratory center when blood oxygen levels increase.
E) all of the above.

A

A) stimulates the respiratory center when blood carbon dioxide levels increase.

51
Q

Blood oxygen levels
A) are more important than carbon dioxide in the regulation of respiration.
B) need to change only slightly to cause a change in respiration.
C) are detected by sensory receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies.
D) all of the above.

A

C) are detected by sensory receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies.

52
Q

At the onset of exercise, respiration rate and depth increases primarily because of
A) increased blood carbon dioxide levels.
B) decreased blood oxygen levels.
C) decreased blood pH.
D) input to the respiratory center from the cerebral motor cortex and proprioceptors.

A

D) input to the respiratory center from the cerebral motor cortex and proprioceptors.

53
Q

In response to exercise training,
A) the tidal volume at rest does not change.
B) minute ventilation during maximal exercise increases.
C) the brain learns to match ventilation to exercise intensity.
D) all of the above.

A

D) all of the above.

Physiology Exam 2 (4 decks)

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