Chapter 13 Flashcards
Netherlands religious characteristics
The Calvinist Reformed Church = official church, tolerant, safe haven for Jews
Emergence as Netherlands as a nation
Revolted against Spain, 1572
Netherlands governmental system
Republic
Reasons for Dutch economic prosperity and decline
- High urban consolidation •Transformed agriculture
- Extensive trade/finance
- Overseas commercial empire
William III of Orange
- Stadtholder of Holland
* Led European coalition against France
Characteristics of absolute rule
- Divine right of kings
* Not dependent on the representative assemblies of the people
Reasons for James I foreign policy
1604; made peace with Spain
1624; Parliament forces him to renew war with Spain
•Wouldn’t aid Protestants in 30 Years War
The Petition of Right
1628; Charles asks to levy taxes, makes him sign the petition, Parliament = dissolved
Consequences of religious policies of Charles I
1639-1640; Bishops’ War, Parliament is called, short and long parliament
Facts about the English Civil War
The Militia ordinance forms Parliamentary army
Cavaliers vs. Roundheads
Gentleman’s warfare
New model army created
England under Oliver Cromwell
Leader of Roundheads, New Model Army
Two most important models of European political organization
Absolute monarchy
Parliamentary monarchy
Characteristics and facts about James I, his rule and relationship with parliament
King of Scotland and England, absolutist, rarely called in parliament, pro-catholic
Charles I’s extra parliamentary measures
Renewed taxes, quartered troops in home
Long Parliament
1640-1660
Treaty of Dover
1670; alliance with France against Netherlands
The Test Act
1672; Protestant measure, civil/military officials pledge oath against Transubstantiation- stamp out Catholics
The Popish Plot
1678; Titus Oates, Protestant vs. Catholic distrust, lie that James and Charles’ wife will kill Charles
Declaration of Indulgence of 1687
Repeal of all religious test acts
Glorious Revolution
1688; William and Mary invade their own country
The Act of Settlement of 1701
English crown pass to Anne’s closest relative
The Act of Union of 1707
Forms UK, Anne Stewart = first monarch
Robert Walpole
First prime minister of England, Achieved: Stability and peace Expanded trade and navy Encouraged civil rights Religious toleration
Cardinal Richelieu
Louis XIII chief minister, absolutism, crushed private armies and Protestant buildings, nobles = high status in court
Louis XIV and nobility
The Fronde (1649-52)- rebellion led by nobles
Louis XIV reign
1643-1715; longest ruling monarch in Europe
Significance of Versailles
Symbol of absolutism, 1/2 of treasury, 10,000 lived there
Louis XIV religious acts
1685; revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Symbolism of Louis XIV
The Sun King
Religious policies of Louis XIV
Jansenism, Augustinus, persecution of Protestants
Characteristics of Jansenists
Cornelius Jansen, opposition to dominance of Jesuits
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
No schools/churches, ministers sent to exile, indentured servitude, children forced to be baptized
Protestant freedoms revoked
Finance minister of Louis XIV
Jean-Baptiste Colbert, mercantile economic system
Wars during Louis XIV
1667-68; War of Devolution
1672-79; Franco-Dutch War
1689-97; Nine Years War
1701-14; War if Spanish Succession
War of Spanish Succession
1701-14; Philip V (Louis grandson) becomes King,
Grand Alliance- England, Holland, HRE
French lost every major battle
John Law and economics
The Mississippi Bubble,
Gold…Bonds…Stock…Paper money
Dynasties of central and Eastern Europe
Romanov, Habsburg, Hohenzollern
After reign of Ivan IV
Time of Troubles
Great Northern War
1700-21; Prussia vs. Sweden, take over Baltic
St. Petersburg
Modeled after Versailles
Reforms of Peter the Great
Administrative colleges
Table of ranks
Holy synod
Legacy of Peter the Great
Expanded Russian territory
Modern army
St. Petersburg
Authority form nobles/military taken away
