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AP Euro Chapter 13/14 > Ch. 14 > Flashcards

Ch. 14 Flashcards

0
Q

17th century scientists

A

Aristotle, Ptolemy, Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Bacon… Etc

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1
Q

Galileo and nature

A

Rational and understood with mathematics

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2
Q

Characteristics of the Scientific Revolution

A

Few participants
Unorganized
Widespread
Astronomy = main field

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3
Q

Ptolemaic system

A

Geocentric; Aristotle and Ptolemy

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4
Q

Copernican system

A

Heliocentric

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5
Q

Tychonic system

A

Geoheliocentric; Mercury and Venus = sun

Everything else = earth

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6
Q

Traditional view of the universe

A

Ptolemaic system; Earth = static and center,

Epicycles and deferents

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7
Q

Copernican system

A

Heliocentric, earth = not the center

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8
Q

Copernicus’ contribution to Scientific Revolution

A

On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres

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9
Q

Brahe’s contribution

A

Astronomical data, tychonic system

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10
Q

Kelper’s contribution

A

The New Astronomy, elliptical orbits

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11
Q

Isaac Newton’s contribution

A

Universal gravitation
Laws of motion
Empiricism
Principia Mathematica

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12
Q

Galileo literary works

A

Starry messenger, letters in sunspots

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13
Q

Galileos view of the universe

A

Heliocentric; Copernican system

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14
Q

Major contribution of Galileo

A

Modified telescope

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15
Q

Mechanism and what natural philosophers believed it achieved

A

Explained the world like a clock; God = clock maker

16
Q

Francis Bacon

A

“Father of Empiricism”, inductive reasoning, Novum Organum

17
Q

Cartesian Dualism

A

Things of the body vs. things if the mind

18
Q

Francis Bacon and knowledge

A

Novum Organum; all truth hasn’t been discovered

19
Q

Descartes view of nature

A

Deductive reasoning, “I think, therefore I am”

20
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Leviathan
Absolutist
Rights are given up for stability
Tyranny is better than anarchy

21
Q

John Locke

A
  • Two Treaties of Government, letter Concerning Toleration, Essay Concerning the Understanding
  • Ruler gives rights, people give loyalty
  • Against absolutism
  • Everyone is equal
22
Q

Tabula Rasa

A

Everyone is born with a blank slate

23
Q

Maria Winkelmann

A

Discovered the comet

24
Q

Trial of Galileo

A

1633; recanted his works and is out on house arrest

25
Q

Blaise Pascal

A

Penseés
God exists, humankind unworthy
Opposition to Sceptists and Dominists

26
Q

Pascals famous wager

A

Take a leap of faith just incase God does exist and live a worthy life

27
Q

Physic-theology

A

Religious understanding from nature

Science…Rational God…Rational Humanity…Scientific Innovation = Better life

28
Q

Targets witchcraft

A

80% women, 40+ years, single, midwives

Cunning folk

AP Euro Chapter 13/14 (2 decks)

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