Chapter 13/14 Solution Chemistry

Question 0

Describe particle size and shape for heterogeneous mixtures

Answer 0

There is no uniform shape and size

Question 1

Define heterogeneous mixture and give EX’s

Answer 1

2 or more clearly different compunds

Ex: chex mix, raw milk

Question 2

Define homogeneous mixture and give Ex’s

Answer 2

2 or more different substances in a single phase with uniform composition
Ex: saltwater, kool aid

Question 3

What is another term for homogeneous mixture?

Answer 3

Soln

Question 4

Define solution

Answer 4

Homogeneous mix of 2+ substances in a single phase

Question 5

What do soln’s include?

Answer 5

Atoms, ions, molecules dispersed in one phase with same properties throughout

Question 6

Particle size of solns

Answer 6

.01-1 nm

Question 7

Define solute

Answer 7

Dissolved, lesser amnts

Question 8

Define solvent

Answer 8

Does the dissolving, greater amnts

Question 9

What makes up any soln?

Answer 9

Any s, l, g dissolved in any other s, l, or g

Question 10

Define suspension and give Ex’s

Answer 10

When particles of a solid are too large to dissolve and they settle
Ex: muddy water, OJ with pulp

Question 11

Particle size of suspensions

Answer 11

1000+ nm

Question 12

Define colloid

Answer 12

When particles of solvent are too big to dissolve, but too small to settle out

Question 13

Particle size of colloid

Answer 13

1-1000 nm

Question 14

What does solvent become with respect to colloid?

Answer 14

Dispersing Medium

Question 15

What does solute become with respect to colloid?

Answer 15

Dispersed phase

Question 16

Ex’s of colloids

Answer 16

Mayo, smoke, fog, smog, gel

Question 17

What is Tyndall effect use for?

Answer 17

Determine difference between colloid and soln

Question 18

What will a colloid do that a soln wont?

Answer 18

Scatter light

Question 19

Define electrolyte and give Ex’s

Answer 19

Dissolve in soln to produce ions an will support electrical current, usually ionically bonded
Ex: NaCl

Question 20

Define non-electrolyte and give Ex’s

Answer 20

Dissolve in soln but dont support electrical current, usually covalently bonded
Ex: sugar

Question 21

Why happens to acids in Aq solns?

Answer 21

Ionize and support electrical current

Question 22

Why do acids do this?

Answer 22

Because they are very polar molecules

Question 23

Why wont pure water conduct electricity?

Answer 23

Only 2 molecules out of every billion ionize

Question 24

Describe the number of charges in an ionic soln

Answer 24

Always an equal number

Question 25

Describe the number of particles in an ionic soln

Answer 25

Not always equal

Question 26

What 3 factors affect rte of dissolution?

Answer 26

Increased surface area, agitation, and change in T

Question 27

How is increased surface area achieved?

Answer 27

Grinding or crushing solute into finer particles

Question 28

How is agitation achieved?

Answer 28

Stirring/shaking the solvent/solute

Question 29

How will the change in T of solvent increase rate of solution?

Answer 29

Make collisions more energetic and frequent. Some dissolve better in cold T

Question 30

Define sat'd soln

Answer 30

One that has dissolved the maximum amnt of solute that it can for its T and V

Question 31

Define unsaturated soln

Answer 31

One that can still dissolve more solute for its T and V

Question 32

Define supersaturated soln

Answer 32

One thats forced to dissolve more than it should be for a given T and V

Question 33

How can you achieve a supersaturated soln?

Answer 33

Heating

Question 34

Describe stability if supersaturated soln

Answer 34

Unstable

Question 35

Define solubility

Answer 35

Amnt of solute that'll form a saturated solution

Question 36

What is like dissolves like based on?

Answer 36

Similarity of bonds, polarity, and intermolecular forces

Question 37

What is dissociation?

Answer 37

Separation of ions in soln

Question 38

What causes dissociation in water?

Answer 38

Addition of ionic solutes

Question 39

What is the limit of a saturated soln?

Answer 39

When no particles of h2o are available to form spheres of solvation

Question 40

When do the effects of P in solubility occur?

Answer 40

When solns have gas in them

Question 41

Define Henry's law

Answer 41

Solubility of a gas in a liquid increases with increasing P and decreases with decreasing P

Question 42

Define effervescence

Answer 42

Escape of a gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved

Question 43

What does increased T of a gas in liquid do to solubility?

Answer 43

Causes decrease of solubility

Question 44

What does change of T of a solid in liquid do to solubility?

Answer 44

Increase in T usually increases solubility but the opposite is true for some

Question 45

When do solvation spheres form til?

Answer 45

All ions are hydrated

Question 46

How does a soln become sat'd?

Answer 46

All ions will be hydrated

Question 47

What do nonpolar solvents dissolve?

Answer 47

Fats, oils, greases

Question 48

Define miscible and give Ex's

Answer 48

2 or more mutually soluble liquids | Ex: vinegar/water milk/coffee

Question 49

Define immiscible and give Ex's

Answer 49

2 or more mutually insoluble liquids | Ex: oil/water oil/vinegar