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Chem II > Chapter 13/14 Solution Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 13/14 Solution Chemistry Flashcards

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0
Q

Describe particle size and shape for heterogeneous mixtures

A

There is no uniform shape and size

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1
Q

Define heterogeneous mixture and give EX’s

A

2 or more clearly different compunds

Ex: chex mix, raw milk

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2
Q

Define homogeneous mixture and give Ex’s

A

2 or more different substances in a single phase with uniform composition
Ex: saltwater, kool aid

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3
Q

What is another term for homogeneous mixture?

A

Soln

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4
Q

Define solution

A

Homogeneous mix of 2+ substances in a single phase

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5
Q

What do soln’s include?

A

Atoms, ions, molecules dispersed in one phase with same properties throughout

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6
Q

Particle size of solns

A

.01-1 nm

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7
Q

Define solute

A

Dissolved, lesser amnts

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8
Q

Define solvent

A

Does the dissolving, greater amnts

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9
Q

What makes up any soln?

A

Any s, l, g dissolved in any other s, l, or g

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10
Q

Define suspension and give Ex’s

A

When particles of a solid are too large to dissolve and they settle
Ex: muddy water, OJ with pulp

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11
Q

Particle size of suspensions

A

1000+ nm

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12
Q

Define colloid

A

When particles of solvent are too big to dissolve, but too small to settle out

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13
Q

Particle size of colloid

A

1-1000 nm

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14
Q

What does solvent become with respect to colloid?

A

Dispersing Medium

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15
Q

What does solute become with respect to colloid?

A

Dispersed phase

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16
Q

Ex’s of colloids

A

Mayo, smoke, fog, smog, gel

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17
Q

What is Tyndall effect use for?

A

Determine difference between colloid and soln

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18
Q

What will a colloid do that a soln wont?

A

Scatter light

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19
Q

Define electrolyte and give Ex’s

A

Dissolve in soln to produce ions an will support electrical current, usually ionically bonded
Ex: NaCl

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20
Q

Define non-electrolyte and give Ex’s

A

Dissolve in soln but dont support electrical current, usually covalently bonded
Ex: sugar

21
Q

Why happens to acids in Aq solns?

A

Ionize and support electrical current

22
Q

Why do acids do this?

A

Because they are very polar molecules

23
Q

Why wont pure water conduct electricity?

A

Only 2 molecules out of every billion ionize

24
Q

Describe the number of charges in an ionic soln

A

Always an equal number

25
Q

Describe the number of particles in an ionic soln

A

Not always equal

26
Q

What 3 factors affect rte of dissolution?

A

Increased surface area, agitation, and change in T

27
Q

How is increased surface area achieved?

A

Grinding or crushing solute into finer particles

28
Q

How is agitation achieved?

A

Stirring/shaking the solvent/solute

29
Q

How will the change in T of solvent increase rate of solution?

A

Make collisions more energetic and frequent. Some dissolve better in cold T

30
Q

Define sat’d soln

A

One that has dissolved the maximum amnt of solute that it can for its T and V

31
Q

Define unsaturated soln

A

One that can still dissolve more solute for its T and V

32
Q

Define supersaturated soln

A

One thats forced to dissolve more than it should be for a given T and V

33
Q

How can you achieve a supersaturated soln?

A

Heating

34
Q

Describe stability if supersaturated soln

A

Unstable

35
Q

Define solubility

A

Amnt of solute that’ll form a saturated solution

36
Q

What is like dissolves like based on?

A

Similarity of bonds, polarity, and intermolecular forces

37
Q

What is dissociation?

A

Separation of ions in soln

38
Q

What causes dissociation in water?

A

Addition of ionic solutes

39
Q

What is the limit of a saturated soln?

A

When no particles of h2o are available to form spheres of solvation

40
Q

When do the effects of P in solubility occur?

A

When solns have gas in them

41
Q

Define Henry’s law

A

Solubility of a gas in a liquid increases with increasing P and decreases with decreasing P

42
Q

Define effervescence

A

Escape of a gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved

43
Q

What does increased T of a gas in liquid do to solubility?

A

Causes decrease of solubility

44
Q

What does change of T of a solid in liquid do to solubility?

A

Increase in T usually increases solubility but the opposite is true for some

45
Q

When do solvation spheres form til?

A

All ions are hydrated

46
Q

How does a soln become sat’d?

A

All ions will be hydrated

47
Q

What do nonpolar solvents dissolve?

A

Fats, oils, greases

48
Q

Define miscible and give Ex’s

A

2 or more mutually soluble liquids

Ex: vinegar/water milk/coffee

49
Q

Define immiscible and give Ex’s

A

2 or more mutually insoluble liquids

Ex: oil/water oil/vinegar

Chem II (4 decks)

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