Chapter 10 Gas Laws

Question 0

What is KMT based on?

Answer 0

Based on the concept that ALL particles of matter are in constant motion

Question 1

What does KMT explain?

Answer 1

Explains the properties of solids liquids and gases in terms of their KE and forces which act upon them

Question 2

What are gases made of according to KMT?

Answer 2

Large number of tiny particles that are far apart, relative to their size

Question 3

Describe the motion of gas particles

Answer 3

Rapid random constant

Question 4

How do gas particles interact with each other?

Answer 4

Dont attract or repel, only collide and bounce off each other

Question 5

What does the KE of a gas depend on?

Answer 5

Temperature

Question 6

What do gas particles collide with?

Answer 6

Each other and the walls of whatever container they are in

Question 7

Define elastic collisions

Answer 7

Collision where there is no lose of KE. The nrg lost by the striking object is gained entirely by the particle that is hit or by the wall of the container holding the gas

Question 8

Describe the shape or V of a gas

Answer 8

No shape. Take shape and V of whatever container they are in

Question 9

Why do gases take on the shape and V of their container?

Answer 9

Because they have no shape

Question 10

Why do gases flow?

Answer 10

The attractive forces between the particles are too insignificant

Question 11

Why do liquids flow?

Answer 11

The attractive forces are weak like a gases’

Question 12

Why dont solids flow?

Answer 12

Attractive forces between particles are strong

Question 13

Compare the density of gases to liquids and solids

Answer 13

Gas is 1/1000 dense as a liquid or solid

Question 14

Why can gases be compressed?

Answer 14

The particles are far apart and can be forced closer together

Question 15

Define diffusion

Answer 15

Mixing of gases caused by their random motion

Question 16

When is diffusion faster?

Answer 16

High T’s with smaller particles

Question 17

Define effusion

Answer 17

Escape of a gas under high P through a small opening

Question 18

Define ideal gas

Answer 18

Imaginary gas that conforms to all assumptions of KMT

Question 19

Define real gas

Answer 19

Doesnt conform to assumptions of KMT.

Question 20

When is the behavior of a real gas especially noticeable?

Answer 20

Very high P and T

Question 21

Define P

Answer 21

Force per unit on a surface

Question 22

Name 4 standard values of P

Answer 22

Torrs, ATM, kPa, mmHg

Question 23

What are the 4 units of V and their abbreviations?

Answer 23

Liter (L) 
Milliliter (mL)
Cubic decimeter (dm3)
Cubic centimeter (cm3) aka 'cc' 
1 L = 1 dm3

Question 24

What does STP stand for?

Answer 24

Standard T and P

Question 25

What is STP equal to?

Answer 25

``` 0 C 1 atm 760 mmHg 760 torrs 101.325 kPa ```

Question 26

What is STP used for?

Answer 26

Comparing between/among gases

Question 27

State Boyle's Law

Answer 27

V of a gas varies inversely with its P iff T is constant

Question 28

State the formula for Boyle's Law and define variables

Answer 28

PV=P'V' | P is original pressure and P' is a changed pressure. V is original volume and V' is the changed volume

Question 29

When does boyles law not hold true?

Answer 29

At high pressures

Question 30

Why doesnt boyles law hold true at high P?

Answer 30

V would be 0 or it would liquify

Question 31

Why was the Kelvin T scale developed?

Answer 31

To avoid inaccurate results caused by negative numbers

Question 32

Whats the value of absolute zero in celcius?

Answer 32

-273 celcius

Question 33

What happens to matter at absolute zero?

Answer 33

Ceases motion

Question 34

How do you convert celcius to kelvin?

Answer 34

Add your celcius number to 273.

Question 35

State charles law

Answer 35

V of a ga varies directly with the kelvin T iff P is constant

Question 36

State the formula for charles law and define variables

Answer 36

V/T=V'/T' | V and T are original volume and temp and V' and T' are changed volume and temperature

Question 37

Why is charles law not true at very low temps?

Answer 37

V shrinks at very low T's

Question 38

When is charles law not true?

Answer 38

Very low T's

Question 39

State gay-lussacs law

Answer 39

P exerted by a gas varies directly with the kelvin T iff V is constant

Question 40

State gay lussacs formula and define variables

Answer 40

P/T=P'/T' | P and Tare original temp and pressure and P' and T' are the changed pressure and temp

Question 41

What did dalton study?

Answer 41

Mixtures of gases

Question 42

What is partial pressure?

Answer 42

The P exerted by each gas in a mixture

Question 43

State dalton's law

Answer 43

The P exerted by a gas in a mixture is called partial pressure. Therefore, the total P exerted by a mix of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas in the mixture.

Question 44

Write the formula for dalton's law

Answer 44

P(total)=PP(gas 1) +PP(gas 2).......

Question 45

How do you recognize a dalton's correction?

Answer 45

It will say over water or through water

Question 46

Explain the PP of H2O vapor

Answer 46

Some of the water vapor enters the bubbles as they pass through the H2O

Question 47

How do you correct for PP of water vapor?

Answer 47

You must subtract it from the pressure at the given temp.