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Chem II > Chapter 10 Gas Laws > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Gas Laws Flashcards

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0
Q

What is KMT based on?

A

Based on the concept that ALL particles of matter are in constant motion

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1
Q

What does KMT explain?

A

Explains the properties of solids liquids and gases in terms of their KE and forces which act upon them

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2
Q

What are gases made of according to KMT?

A

Large number of tiny particles that are far apart, relative to their size

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3
Q

Describe the motion of gas particles

A

Rapid random constant

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4
Q

How do gas particles interact with each other?

A

Dont attract or repel, only collide and bounce off each other

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5
Q

What does the KE of a gas depend on?

A

Temperature

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6
Q

What do gas particles collide with?

A

Each other and the walls of whatever container they are in

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7
Q

Define elastic collisions

A

Collision where there is no lose of KE. The nrg lost by the striking object is gained entirely by the particle that is hit or by the wall of the container holding the gas

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8
Q

Describe the shape or V of a gas

A

No shape. Take shape and V of whatever container they are in

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9
Q

Why do gases take on the shape and V of their container?

A

Because they have no shape

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10
Q

Why do gases flow?

A

The attractive forces between the particles are too insignificant

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11
Q

Why do liquids flow?

A

The attractive forces are weak like a gases’

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12
Q

Why dont solids flow?

A

Attractive forces between particles are strong

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13
Q

Compare the density of gases to liquids and solids

A

Gas is 1/1000 dense as a liquid or solid

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14
Q

Why can gases be compressed?

A

The particles are far apart and can be forced closer together

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15
Q

Define diffusion

A

Mixing of gases caused by their random motion

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16
Q

When is diffusion faster?

A

High T’s with smaller particles

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17
Q

Define effusion

A

Escape of a gas under high P through a small opening

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18
Q

Define ideal gas

A

Imaginary gas that conforms to all assumptions of KMT

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19
Q

Define real gas

A

Doesnt conform to assumptions of KMT.

20
Q

When is the behavior of a real gas especially noticeable?

A

Very high P and T

21
Q

Define P

A

Force per unit on a surface

22
Q

Name 4 standard values of P

A

Torrs, ATM, kPa, mmHg

23
Q

What are the 4 units of V and their abbreviations?

A 
Liter (L) 
Milliliter (mL)
Cubic decimeter (dm3)
Cubic centimeter (cm3) aka 'cc' 
1 L = 1 dm3
24
Q

What does STP stand for?

A

Standard T and P

25
Q

What is STP equal to?

A 
0 C
1 atm
760 mmHg
760 torrs
101.325 kPa
26
Q

What is STP used for?

A

Comparing between/among gases

27
Q

State Boyle’s Law

A

V of a gas varies inversely with its P iff T is constant

28
Q

State the formula for Boyle’s Law and define variables

A

PV=P’V’

P is original pressure and P’ is a changed pressure. V is original volume and V’ is the changed volume

29
Q

When does boyles law not hold true?

A

At high pressures

30
Q

Why doesnt boyles law hold true at high P?

A

V would be 0 or it would liquify

31
Q

Why was the Kelvin T scale developed?

A

To avoid inaccurate results caused by negative numbers

32
Q

Whats the value of absolute zero in celcius?

A

-273 celcius

33
Q

What happens to matter at absolute zero?

A

Ceases motion

34
Q

How do you convert celcius to kelvin?

A

Add your celcius number to 273.

35
Q

State charles law

A

V of a ga varies directly with the kelvin T iff P is constant

36
Q

State the formula for charles law and define variables

A

V/T=V’/T’

V and T are original volume and temp and V’ and T’ are changed volume and temperature

37
Q

Why is charles law not true at very low temps?

A

V shrinks at very low T’s

38
Q

When is charles law not true?

A

Very low T’s

39
Q

State gay-lussacs law

A

P exerted by a gas varies directly with the kelvin T iff V is constant

40
Q

State gay lussacs formula and define variables

A

P/T=P’/T’

P and Tare original temp and pressure and P’ and T’ are the changed pressure and temp

41
Q

What did dalton study?

A

Mixtures of gases

42
Q

What is partial pressure?

A

The P exerted by each gas in a mixture

43
Q

State dalton’s law

A

The P exerted by a gas in a mixture is called partial pressure. Therefore, the total P exerted by a mix of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas in the mixture.

44
Q

Write the formula for dalton’s law

A

P(total)=PP(gas 1) +PP(gas 2)…….

45
Q

How do you recognize a dalton’s correction?

A

It will say over water or through water

46
Q

Explain the PP of H2O vapor

A

Some of the water vapor enters the bubbles as they pass through the H2O

47
Q

How do you correct for PP of water vapor?

A

You must subtract it from the pressure at the given temp.

Chem II (4 decks)

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