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GEOG 121 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Outer Core

A

molten; magnetic field controlled here

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2
Q

Inner Core

A

Dense mass; primarily made of iron/nickel or iron/silicate

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3
Q

Mineral Requirements

A

naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid, with a definite chemical composition and a definite atomic structure

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4
Q

Silicates

A

oxygen and silicon

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5
Q

Oxides

A

elements combined with oxygen

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6
Q

Sulfides

A

combination of sulfur and another element

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7
Q

Sulfates

A

oxygen and sulfur

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8
Q

Carbonates

A

light colored minerals composed of carbon, oxygen, and another element

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9
Q

Halides

A

salty minerals

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10
Q

Native Elements

A

gold and silver

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11
Q

Outcrop

A

Bedrock at surface

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12
Q

bedrock

A

rock that hasn’t moved

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13
Q

regolith

A

spaced out rocks under the surface

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14
Q

Magma vs Lava

A

magma is molten rock beneath Earth’s surface; lava is molten rock on Earth’s surface

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15
Q

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

A

rocks that form from magma; cool slowly and cause large crystals (coarse-grained)

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16
Q

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

A

rocks that form from lava; cool quickly and don’t have visible crystals (fine-grained)

17
Q

Pyroclastic Igneous Rocks

A

form from material ejected from volcanoes (hot lava blocks, pumice, ash, and volcanic gas)

18
Q

Sedimentary Rock Basic Process

A
  1. large amounts of sediment are buried together
  2. pressure hardens these layers (chemical cementation)
  3. This pressure squeezes the water out and forms sedimentary rocks
19
Q

Ways Sedimentary Rocks form

A
  1. Form when seawater is evaporated
  2. Form from animal remains
  3. For from sediment deposits; rocks at the surface break apart into smaller pieces (LITHIFICATION)
20
Q

Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

A

composed of fragments of preexisting rocks; shale; conglomerate

21
Q

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

A

formed by the precipitation of soluble materials or complicated chemical reactions (limestone and coal)

22
Q

Organic Sedimentary Rocks

A

form from the remains of deal plants and animals (coal)

23
Q

Metamorphic Rocks

A

originally igneous or sedimentary rocks; changed by heat and pressure

24
Q

Contact Metamorphism

A

rock contacts magma and is rearranged

25
Q

Regional Metamorphism

A

large volumes of rock are subjected to heat and pressure over long time scales (limestone becomes marble; sandstone becomes quartzite; shale becomes slate)

schist: narrow foliations
gneiss: broad, banded foliations

26
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

the present is the key to the past; processes which shaped the landscape of the past are the same that will shape the future

27
Q

Geologic Time

A

vast periods of time over which geologic processes operate

GEOG 121 (7 decks)

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