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Psychology test 4 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychological Disorder

A

-Any recurrent abnormal behaviour or mental state

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2
Q

Abnormal Behaviour

A

-Strange behaviour within a culture, causes personal distress, is maladaptive, or is dangerous to self or others

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3
Q

Neurosis

A

-Obsolete term for mild mental disorder

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4
Q

Psychosis

A
  • Severe psychological disorder
  • Person with psychosis suffers delusions (false beliefs) and/or hallucinations (false sensations) and has greatly impaired everyday functioning
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5
Q

Types of Delusions

A
  • Grandeur: falsely believing one is famous or has great knowledge, ability, or authority
  • Persecution: falsely believing that others are trying to harm one
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6
Q

Defining and Classifying Psychological Disorders

A

DSM-5

  • Lists about 300 psychological disorders and symptoms for classification
  • Most widely accepted diagnostic system of abnormal behaviour in Canada and the United States
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7
Q

Biological (Possible Cause of Psychological Disorders)

A
  • Disorders involve structural or biochemical abnormalities in the brain
  • Diathesis-Stress Model: schizophrenia develops when there is both a genetic predisposition and more stress than a person can handle
  • Imbalance in neurotransmitters may cause mood disorders (norepinephrine and serotonin), obsessive-compulsive disorder (serotonin) and schizophrenia (dopamine)
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8
Q

Psychodynamic (Possible Cause of Psychological Disorders)

A
  • Disorders are caused by unconscious sexual or aggressive conflicts that are unresolved
  • Many pedophiles and people with dissociative identity disorder report having been sexually abused in the past
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9
Q

Learning (Possible Cause of Psychological Disorders)

A
  • Disorders derive from inappropriate learning

- Most phobias result from learning

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10
Q

Cognitive (Possible Cause of Psychological Disorders)

A
  • Disorders originate from faulty thinking

- People may be depressed because they view themselves, their world, and their future negatively

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11
Q

Humanistic (Possible Cause of Psychological Disorders)

A

-Disorders result from blocking one’s nature tendency toward self-actualization

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12
Q

Anxiety Disorder

A

Unrealistic fear and apprehension

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13
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Anxiety Disorder)

A

-Experiencing excessive irrational anxiety and worry that one finds difficult to control

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14
Q

Panic Disorder (Anxiety Disorder)

A

-Recurring attacks of overwhelming anxiety, fear or terror

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15
Q

Phobias (Anxiety Disorder)

A
  • Persistent, irrational fears of something.

- Three classes of phobias: Agoraphobia, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobia

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16
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Anxiety Disorder)

A

-Persistent, recurring, involuntary thoughts (obsessions) or behaviours (compulsions), or both

17
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorders (-unwarranted physical symptoms)

A
  • -Illness Anxiety Disorder: preoccupation with one’s health and fear that bodily symptoms are a sign of a serious disease despite reassurances from doctors to the contrary
  • -Conversion Disorder: loss of motor or sensory functioning that has no apparent physical cause but that solves some psychological problem
18
Q

Dissociative Disorders (loss of personal identity due to a non-organic cause)

A
  • -Dissociative Amnesia: loss of memory for limited periods of one’s life or for one’s entire personal identity
  • -Dissociative Identity Disorder: having two or more distinct, unique personalities in the same individual, with each identity in control at different times
19
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • Severe loss of contact with reality

- The most serious of the psychological disorders

20
Q

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A
  • Hallucinations
  • Delusions
  • Disorganized thinking and speech
  • Disorganized or bizarre behaviour
  • Inappropriate affect
21
Q

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Loss of or deficiency in thoughts and behaviours characteristic of normal functioning including:

  • Social withdrawal
  • Apathy
  • Loss of motivation
  • Limited speech
  • Slow movements
  • Poor hygiene
  • Poor problem-solving abilities
  • Distorted sense of time
22
Q

Causes of Schizophrenia

A
  • Many theorists adhere to the diathesis-stress model
  • Diathesis-Stress Model: people with a predisposition toward a disorder, such as schizophrenia, may develop the disorder if they are subjected to sufficient environmental stress
23
Q

Major Depressive Disorder (Depressive Disorder)

A

-Overwhelming feeling of sadness, despair, worthlessness, hopelessness, and, in extreme cases, suicidal intentions

24
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder (Depressive Disorder)

A

-Depression that comes and goes with the seasons

25
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)

A
  • Milder form of depression than major depressive disorder

- Nonetheless chronic (lasting two years or longer)

26
Q

Personality Disorder

A

-Long-standing, inflexible, maladaptive experience and behaviour

27
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A
  • High suspiciousness
  • Lack of trust
  • Hypersensitivity
28
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A
  • Disregard for social morals
  • Lack of feelings for others
  • Being selfish and manipulative
29
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A
  • Exaggerated sense of self-importance
  • Self-centredness
  • Exploitative attitude
  • Lack of empathy
30
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A
  • Intense fluctuations in mood, self-image and social relationships
  • Exhibiting of impulsive and reckless behaviour
31
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A
  • Seeking attention and approval

- Being overly dramatic, self-centred, and shallow

32
Q

Sexual Dysfunctions

A

-Disruptions of any part of the normal sexual response cycle

33
Q

Paraphilic Disorders

A
  • Inappropriate recurrent sexual urges and behaviour involving non-human objects, children or non-consenting persons
  • Suffering or humiliation of the individual or one’s partner
34
Q

Gender Dysphoria

A

-Difficulties accepting one’s identity as male or female

Psychology test 4 (2 decks)

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